ReviewJournal of neuroendocrinology2023
Role of estrogen in women's Alzheimer's disease risk as modified by APOE.
Review in Journal of neuroendocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of two decades of neuroimaging research.The British journal of radiology · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring associations between estrogen and gene candidates identified by coronary artery disease genome-wide association studies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Cell-based polygenic risk scores predict clinical progression and prioritize network-based therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Longitudinal effects of cerebrovascular reactivity and cerebral pulsatility in cognitively intact older adults with APOE4: links with cognition.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Age at menopause,Research square · 2026Article
- Evidence of APOE4-related brain vulnerabilities in verbal memory systems in midlife women.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The complex of gut microbial metabolites and sex hormones in Alzheimer's disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Integrated imaging and molecular profiling reveals APOE4-associated neurovascular and glial disruptions in young adult mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Interaction of endocrine therapy for breast cancer with APOE4 status on cognition over 5-year follow-up.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent grey matter atrophy in Alzheimer's disease progression.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Exploring biomarkers of neurodegenerative risk: associations of oxysterols, sex hormones, and reproductive characteristics in older women.Journal of lipid research · 2025Article
- Perimenopausal state oestradiol to progesterone imbalance drives Alzheimer's risk via ERRα dysregulation and energy dyshomeostasis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Beyond Estrogen: Unraveling the Complexities of Hormonal Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease and Their Implications for Precision Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- White matter microstructural and macrostructural profiles during midlife reveal sex differences between men and women at different menopausal stages.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- APOE ε4-related differences in brain structure, function, and connectivity at midlife: A scoping review.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Exploring sex-specific risk factors in cognitive decline: Insights into modifiable and non-modifiable determinants using a network analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Review
- Age of menopause and dementia risk in 10,832 women from the Swedish Twin Registry.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Kinematic correlates of early speech motor changes in cognitively intact APOE-ε4 carriers: a preliminary study using a color-word interference task.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by numerous sexual dimorphisms that impact the development, progression, and probably the strategies to prevent and treat the most common form of dementia. In this review, we consider this topic from a female perspective with a specific focus on how women's vulnerability to the disease is affected by the individual and interactive effects of estrogens and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Importantly, APOE appears to modulate systemic and neural outcomes of both menopause and estrogen-based hormone therapy. In the brain, dementia risk is greater in APOE4 carriers, and the impacts of hormone therapy on cognitive decline and dementia risk vary according to both outcome measure and APOE genotype. Beyond the CNS, estrogen and APOE genotype affect vulnerability to menopause-associated bone loss, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk. An emerging concept that may link these relationships is the possibility that the effects of APOE in women interact with estrogen status by mechanisms that may include modulation of estrogen responsiveness. This review highlights the need to consider the key AD risk factors of advancing age in a sex-specific manner to optimize development of therapeutic approaches for AD, a view aligned with the principle of personalized medicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.