ArticleThe Korean journal of internal medicine2023
Clinical outcomes of and risk factors for secondary infection in patients with severe COVID-19: a multicenter cohort study in South Korea.
Article in The Korean journal of internal medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple Brain Microabscesses and a Lung Abscess Caused byInfectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Incidence and Temporal Dynamics of Combined Infections in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients With Risk Factors for Severe Complications.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Identifying risk factors for bacterial infections and drivers of antibiotic use in patients without bacterial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in a low-middle-income country.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Co-infections and secondary infections amid COVID-19 outbreaks in Vietnam.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Immunometabolic features of natural killer cells are associated with infection outcomes in critical illness.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A Comparison of the Effects of Dexamethasone and Methylprednisolone, Used on Level-3 Intensive Care COVID-19 Patients, on Mortality: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsSecondary infection with influenza virus occurs in critically ill patients and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality; however, there is limited information about it in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, we investigated the clinical outcomes of and risk factors for secondary infections in patients with severe COVID-19.
methodsThis study included patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to seven hospitals in South Korea between February 2020 to February 2021. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with the risk of secondary infections.
resultsOf the 348 included patients, 104 (29.9%) had at least one infection. There was no statistically significant difference in the 28-day mortality (17.3% vs. 12.3%, p = 0.214), but in-hospital mortality was higher (29.8% vs. 15.2%, p = 0.002) in the infected group than in the non-infected group. The risk factors for secondary infection were a high frailty scale (odds ratio [OR], 1.314; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.123 to 1.538; p = 0.001), steroid use (OR, 3.110; 95% CI, 1.164 to 8.309; p = 0.024), and the application of mechanical ventilation (OR, 4.653; 95% CI, 2.533 to 8.547; p < 0.001).
conclusionIn-hospital mortality was more than doubled in patients with severe COVID-19 and secondary infections. A high frailty scale, the use of steroids and application of mechanical ventilation were risk factors for secondary infection.
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