Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023
Rectal Culture-Based Versus Empirical Antibiotic Prophylaxis to Prevent Infectious Complications in Men Undergoing Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized, Nonblinded Multicenter Trial.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03228108 (The Effect of Rectal Swab Culture-guided Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Men Undergoing Prostate Biopsy on Infectious Complications and Cost of Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Rectal Swab Culture-guided Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Men Undergoing Prostate Biopsy on Infectious Complications and Cost of Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial in the Netherlands.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infection risks and biopsy-associated complications in prostate cancer diagnosis: a review of recent literatures.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2026Review
- Transperineal Versus Transrectal Prostate Biopsy in the MRI-Targeted Era: A Contemporary Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Article
- Impact of Approach Routes in MRI-Ultrasound Fusion Prostate Biopsy on Post-Biopsy Complications: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026Article
- Rectal Swab-based Targeted Prophylactic Antibiotics Reduce Infectious Complications After Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.European urology open science · 2025Review
- Bloodstream infections: mechanisms of pathogenesis and opportunities for intervention.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Impact of a multimodal antimicrobial stewardship intervention on fluoroquinolone usage for antimicrobial prophylaxis before urologic procedures in a Veterans Affairs outpatient clinic.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Minimizing infectious complications following transrectal prostate biopsy: a proposal for a risk-adapted antibiotic treatment strategy with Ceftriaxone and Ertapenem as key components.World journal of urology · 2024Article
- Impact of a Switch From Ciprofloxacin to Ceftriaxone Prophylaxis on Infectious Complications After Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy of the Prostate.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Cost Effectiveness of Rectal Culture-based Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: The Results from a Randomized, Nonblinded, Multicenter Trial.European urology open science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn increase in infections after transrectal prostate biopsy (PB), related to an increasing number of patients with ciprofloxacin-resistant rectal flora, necessitates the exploration of alternatives for the traditionally used empirical prophylaxis of ciprofloxacin. We compared infectious complication rates after transrectal PB using empirical ciprofloxacin prophylaxis versus culture-based prophylaxis.
methodsIn this nonblinded, randomized trial, between 4 April 2018 and 30 July 2021, we enrolled 1538 patients from 11 Dutch hospitals undergoing transrectal PB. After rectal swab collection, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive empirical prophylaxis with oral ciprofloxacin (control group [CG]) or culture-based prophylaxis (intervention group [IG]). Primary outcome was any infectious complication within 7 days after biopsy. Secondary outcomes were infectious complications within 30 days, and bacteremia and bacteriuria within 7 and 30 days postbiopsy. For primary outcome analysis, the χ2 test stratified for hospitals was used. Trial registration number: NCT03228108.
resultsData from 1288 patients (83.7%) were available for analysis (CG, 652; IG, 636). Infection rates within 7 days postbiopsy were 4.3% (n = 28) (CG) and 2.5% (n = 16) (IG) (P value = .08; reduction: -1.8%; 95% confidence interval, -.004 to .040). Ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria were detected in 15.2% (n = 1288). In the CG, the presence of ciprofloxacin-resistant rectal flora resulted in a 6.2-fold higher risk of early postbiopsy infection.
conclusionsOur study supports the use of culture-based prophylaxis to reduce infectious complications after transrectal PB. Despite adequate prophylaxis, postbiopsy infections can still occur. Therefore, culture-based prophylaxis must be weighed against other strategies that could reduce postbiopsy infections. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03228108.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.