ReviewJournal of translational medicine2022
Innate immunity, cytokine storm, and inflammatory cell death in COVID-19.
Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Kikuchi-Fujimoto in the light of the COVID-19: infection and vaccination. A systematic review.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Pooled it
- African swine fever virus pEP364R acts as an important inflammatory-inducing factor to activate NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by regulating DDX3X.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- IL2Pepscan: A machine learning framework for predicting IL-2 inducing peptides and their identification across global viral proteomes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The many faces of cytokine storm syndrome: immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications for a better patient management.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- N6-methyladenosine as a potential epitranscriptomic immune rheostat during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular sequelae of Long COVID: immune dysregulation inflammation as central drivers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Safety profile of azvudine in COVID-19 patients with renal impairment: a retrospective analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Predictive biomarkers of COVID-19 impact in renal transplant patients: an exploratory proteomic and cytokine analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive View on the Mechanisms of Coronavirus Escaping Innate Immunity.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Cytokine Storm Induction Linked to Multi-Organ Failure in Fatal Jellyfish Stings.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) Expression and Activation in COVID-19 and Long COVID: From SARS-CoV-2 Escape Mechanisms to Emerging PRR-Targeted Immunotherapies.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Carrying APOL1 G1 allele is associated with cardiovascular complications during COVID-19 in an admixed population.Human genomics · 2025Article
- Norepinephrine ameliorates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury through inhibiting damage of renal tubular epithelium induced by macrophage inflammatory response.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Immunological orchestration and dysregulation in COVID-19 pneumonia: from viral pathogenesis to precision therapeutics in the post-pandemic era.Folia microbiologica · 2025Review
- Plasma Soluble ST2 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- Machine Learning Reassessment of Serum Immune Factors Shows No Unique Immune Profiles Linked to Disease Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-infected Patients at Hospital Admittance.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF- α) and Antiviral Activities of Artemisia SPP. Extracts on SARS-COV2.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2025Article
- The ACE2 decoy receptor can overcome immune escape by rapid mutating SARS-CoV-2 variants and reduce cytokine induction and clot formation.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- HCK regulates NLRP12-mediated PANoptosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Viperin: A Multifunctional Protein in Antiviral Immunity and Disease Pathogenesis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against invading pathogens; however, dysregulated innate immune responses can induce aberrant inflammation that is detrimental to the host. Therefore, careful innate immune regulation is critical during infections. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has resulted in global morbidity and mortality as well as socio-economic stresses. Innate immune sensing of SARS-CoV-2 by multiple host cell pattern recognition receptors leads to the production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and the induction of inflammatory cell death. These processes can contribute to cytokine storm, tissue damage, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here, we discuss the sensing of SARS-CoV-2 to induce innate immune activation and the contribution of this innate immune signaling in the development and severity of COVID-19. In addition, we provide a conceptual framework for innate immunity driving cytokine storm and organ damage in patients with severe COVID-19. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulated by innate immunity is needed for the development of targeted modalities that can improve patient outcomes by mitigating severe disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.