ArticleFluids and barriers of the CNS2022
Evaluation of CSF albumin quotient in neuronal surface antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis.
Article in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The evolving etiologies of rapidly progressive dementia: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Psychiatric symptoms as clinical warning signals of adult anti-LGI-1 encephalitis: an observational cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Observational
- Serum and cerebral folate are normal in Down Syndrome Regression Disorder.Molecular autism · 2026Observational
- Clinical and immunological correlates of elevated age-adjusted QAlb in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Total cerebrospinal fluid IgA as a candidate adjunctive biomarker associated with autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective case-control study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Blood cytokine levels in anti-NMDAR and viral encephalitis during the early stage of hospitalization: a small-sample exploratory pilot study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Clinical Features, Antibody Profiles, and Prognostic Factors in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Restoring brain barriers: an innovative approach for treating neurological disorders.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- Proteomic Profiling and Therapeutic Targeting of Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Encephalitis.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response in autoimmune encephalitis.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- NX210c drug candidate peptide strengthens mouse and human blood-brain barriers.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- Predictive value of persistent antibodies at 6 months for relapse in neuronal surface antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody overlapping syndrome: insights from the recent case reports.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- Elevated blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of microglial activation and blood‒brain barrier disruption in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Editorial: Biomarkers in autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesDisruption of brain barriers is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of neuronal surface antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis (NSAE), but few studies have focused on their relationship. We aimed to explore the association between the integrity of brain barriers and clinical and paraclinical characteristics in patients with NSAE.
methodsThis retrospective study consecutively recruited patients with NSAE. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) / serum albumin quotient (Qalb) was used to evaluate the function of brain barriers. The data on demographic information, clinical manifestations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CSF findings and prognosis were collected and analyzed.
resultsOf the 93 patients included, 33 (35.5%) patients were assigned to the elevated Qalb group and 60 (64.5%) patients to the normal Qalb group. Males and prodromal symptoms were more common in elevated Qalb group (both P < 0.05). The CSF white blood cell, protein, immunoglobulin G and albumin were significantly higher in elevated Qalb group (all P < 0.05). Patients with elevated Qalb were more likely to have brain lesions on MRI (60.6% versus 33.3%, P = 0.011). The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge and at last follow-up were significantly higher in patients with elevated Qalb than those with normal Qalb (both P < 0.05). After univariate and multivariate analyses, Qalb elevation (adjusted odds ratio = 3.96, 95% confidence interval = 1.15-13.59, P = 0.029) was demonstrated as the only independent risk factor for a poor prognosis. DISCUSSION: Males, prodromal symptoms, brain lesions on MRI, CSF pleocytosis, and elevated CSF protein were more common in NSAE patients with increased Qalb. Qalb elevation was an independent prognostic indicator for a poor prognosis in NSAE.
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