SynthesisBMC public health2022
Hepatitis C prevalence in incarcerated settings between 2013-2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C among prison inmates in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Universal HCV Screening in Hospitalised Patients in France: It Could Be a Good Option! The DEVICHO Study.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Trial
- Detection of Acute Hepatitis C Outbreaks in California Using SaTScan: Statewide Spatiotemporal Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated With Hepatitis C in Danish Prisons, 2022-2024: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Article
- Mass hepatitis C virus screening among persons in custody in Hong Kong: a modelling cost-effectiveness analysis based on a prospective cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- A Costing Analysis of a Nurse- and Peer-Led Mobile Model of Hepatitis C Care Adjacent to the Community Corrections Setting.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Point-of-Care Testing and Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus in Prisons: The SINTESI Project in Sicily.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2025Article
- Hepatitis C Virus Care Cascade by Race/Ethnicity in a Statewide Correctional Population, 2019-2023.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Review
- Feasibility of implementing viral hepatitis services into a correctional service facility in Cape Town, South Africa.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Carceral Health Care.The New England journal of medicine · 2025Review
- Cost-benefit analysis of Canada's Prison Needle Exchange Program for the prevention of hepatitis C and injection-related infections.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2024Article
- Article
- How far are we? Assessing progress in hepatitis C response towards the WHO 2030 elimination goals by the civil society monitoring in 25 European countries, period 2020 to 2023.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Elimination of HCV Infection: Recent Epidemiological Findings, Barriers, and Strategies for the Coming Years.Viruses · 2024Review
- SEROPREVALENCE OF HBsAg, HCV AND HIV AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN A CORRECTIONAL FACILITY IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine · 2024Article
- High prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among incarcerated persons: Results from the Louisiana Hepatitis C Elimination Plan's opt-out testing program in prisons.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2024Article
- Chronic Hepatitis C Cascade of Care in Prisoners-Is There Still Some Work to Do? Analysis of Two Large Penitentiaries in Northern Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Observational
- The Efficacy of On-Site Integration Screening and Microelimination Programs for Chronic Hepatitis C in a Detection Center: A Comparison of the Treatment Outcomes and Characteristics of Incarcerated Patients and Outpatients.International journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe introduction of highly effective direct-acting antiviral therapy has changed the hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment paradigm. However, a recent update on HCV epidemiology in incarcerated settings is necessary to accurately determine the extent of the problem, provide information to policymakers and public healthcare, and meet the World Health Organization's goals by 2030. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to determine the prevalence of HCV Ab and RNA in incarcerated settings.
methodsFor this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for papers published between January 2013 and August 2021. We included studies with information on the prevalence of HCV Ab or RNA in incarcerated settings. A random-effects meta-analysis was done to calculate the pooled prevalence and meta-regression to explore heterogeneity.
resultsNinety-two unique sources reporting data for 36 countries were included. The estimated prevalence of HCV Ab ranged from 0.3% to 74.4%. HCV RNA prevalence (available in 46 sources) ranged from 0% to 56.3%. Genotypes (available in 19 sources) 1(a) and 3 were most frequently reported in incarcerated settings. HCV/HIV coinfection (available in 36 sources) was highest in Italy, Estonia, Pakistan, and Spain. Statistical analysis revealed that almost all observed heterogeneity reflects real differences in prevalence between studies, considering I
conclusionsHCV in incarcerated settings is still a significant problem with a higher prevalence than in the general population. It is of utmost importance to start screening for HCV (Ab and RNA) in incarcerated settings to give clear, reliable and recent figures to plan further treatment. This is all in the context of meeting the 2030 WHO targets which are only less than a decade away.
trial registrationPROSPERO: CRD42020162616.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.