ArticleThe Journal of international medical research2022
Effect of cigarette smoking on alveolar bone thickness and density in patients undergoing leveling and alignment of crowded lower anterior teeth: a controlled clinical trial.
Article in The Journal of international medical research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- High prevalence of low bone mineral density in middle-aged adults in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the alveolar bone thickness and density in patients undergoing leveling and alignment of crowded lower anterior teeth.
methodsThis controlled clinical trial involved 17 smokers and 17 nonsmokers with mild to moderate crowding of the anterior mandibular teeth. Two cone-beam computed tomography images of the mandible were taken before and after treatment. The length of each tooth root was calculated in each T0 image, and the root was divided into three equal regions. Three lines were drawn parallel to the line of the cementoenamel junction at these three regions of the root, and the previously drawn lines were used to measure bone thickness and bone density.
resultsThe mean changes in cortical bone thickness and bone density were significantly smaller in smokers than nonsmokers. Cortical bone thickness and bone density were significantly lower after than before treatment in both smokers and nonsmokers.
conclusionIn addition to all of its known dangers, cigarette smoking may also harm the alveolar bone by decreasing the bone thickness and density during orthodontic treatment in heavy smokers.
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Registered trials
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