ArticleCell reports2022
Extracellular vesicles carrying HIV-1 Nef induce long-term hyperreactivity of myeloid cells.
Article in Cell reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-1 Nef generates lasting innate immune memory in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Structural and functional modifications of neuronal lipid rafts: implications for HIV-associated neurological disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Maladaptive Trained Immunity Drives Persistent IL-6 Production and Enhanced TLR Responsiveness in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages from People Living with HIV.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- The potential role of trained immunity in HIV-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nef as a driver of immunodeficiency and HIV-associated diseases: insights from mouse models.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Case Report: Teprotumumab treatment in an HIV-infected patient with refractory thyroid eye disease: clinical and quantitative MRI evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Trained Immunity and Cardiovascular Risk: An Immunological Perspective.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Maladaptive trained immunity in viral infections.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Increased Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Humanized Mice Is Caused by a Single Viral Protein, Nef.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Understanding residual risk of cardiovascular disease in people with HIV.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- HIV-1 Nef synergizes with APOL1-G1 to induce nephrocyte cell death in HIV-related kidney diseases.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Article
- Comparative Examination of Feline Coronavirus and Canine Coronavirus Effects on Extracellular Vesicles Acquired from A-72 Canine Fibrosarcoma Cell Line.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Nef mediates neuroimmune response, myelin impairment, and neuronal injury in EcoHIV-infected mice.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Genotoxic consequences of viral infections.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Nef is a key player in neuroinflammation and myelin impairment associated with neuroHIV.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Expression and clinical significance of S100A8/9 in adults with secondary phagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- HIV protein Nef expression in human microglia drives the release of distinct Nef-containing extracellular vesicles.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Innate immune memory in chronic HIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND): potential mechanisms and clinical implications.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A possible explanation for chronic inflammation in HIV-infected individuals treated with anti-retroviral therapy is hyperreactivity of myeloid cells due to a phenomenon called "trained immunity." Here, we demonstrate that human monocyte-derived macrophages originating from monocytes initially treated with extracellular vesicles containing HIV-1 protein Nef (exNef), but differentiating in the absence of exNef, release increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. This effect is associated with chromatin changes at the genes involved in inflammation and cholesterol metabolism pathways and upregulation of the lipid rafts and is blocked by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, statin, and an inhibitor of the lipid raft-associated receptor IGF1R. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages from exNef-injected mice, as well as from mice transplanted with bone marrow from exNef-injected animals, produce elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) upon stimulation. These phenomena are consistent with exNef-induced trained immunity that may contribute to persistent inflammation and associated co-morbidities in HIV-infected individuals with undetectable HIV load.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.