Observational studyPloS one2022
Differences in COVID-19 testing and adverse outcomes by race, ethnicity, sex, and health system setting in a large diverse US cohort.
Observational study in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disparities in COVID-19 Testing and Infection Among Beneficiaries in the Military Health System During the First Year of the Pandemic.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Low SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in a Large, Diverse US-Based Study of Persons Affected by HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities and the National Burden of COVID-19 on Inpatient Hospitalizations: A Retrospective Study in the United States in the Year 2020.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Observational
- Sociodemographic, medical, health behavior, and psychosocial factors associated with COVID-19 diagnoses in the New Jersey cancer survivor cohort.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Identifying People Living With or Those at Risk for HIV in a Nationally Sampled Electronic Health Record Repository Called the National Clinical Cohort Collaborative: Computational Phenotyping Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2025Article
- Early Mortality Prediction in Intensive Care Unit Patients Based on Serum Metabolomic Fingerprint.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Texting- and Internet-Based Self-Reporting System for Enhanced Vaccine Safety Surveillance With Insights From a Large Integrated Health Care System in the United States: Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Article
- Adaption and Validation of Scales to Measure COVID-19 Stigma Attitudes and Perceptions.Stigma and health · 2024Article
- The association of non-severe COVID-19 infection and progression to frailty among robust older veterans.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Article
- Predictors of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir receipt among COVID-19 patients in a large US health system.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRacial/ethnic disparities during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic led to differences in COVID-19 testing and adverse outcomes. We examine differences in testing and adverse outcomes by race/ethnicity and sex across a geographically diverse and system-based COVID-19 cohort collaboration.
methodsObservational study among adults (≥18 years) within six US cohorts from March 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020 using data from electronic health record and patient reporting. Race/ethnicity and sex as risk factors were primary exposures, with health system type (integrated health system, academic health system, or interval cohort) as secondary. Proportions measured SARS-CoV-2 testing and positivity; attributed hospitalization and death related to COVID-19. Relative risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals quantified associations between exposures and main outcomes.
results5,958,908 patients were included. Hispanic patients had the highest proportions of SARS-CoV-2 testing (16%) and positivity (18%), while Asian/Pacific Islander patients had the lowest portions tested (11%) and White patients had the lowest positivity rates (5%). Men had a lower likelihood of testing (RR = 0.90 [0.89-0.90]) and a higher positivity risk (RR = 1.16 [1.14-1.18]) compared to women. Black patients were more likely to have COVID-19-related hospitalizations (RR = 1.36 [1.28-1.44]) and death (RR = 1.17 [1.03-1.32]) compared with White patients. Men were more likely to be hospitalized (RR = 1.30 [1.16-1.22]) or die (RR = 1.70 [1.53-1.89]) compared to women. These racial/ethnic and sex differences were reflected in both health system types.
conclusionsThis study supports evidence of disparities by race/ethnicity and sex during the COVID-19 pandemic that persisted even in healthcare settings with reduced barriers to accessing care. Further research is needed to understand and prevent the drivers that resulted in higher burdens of morbidity among certain Black patients and men.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.