Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36416332›Full record

ArticleTurkish journal of urology2022

AHNAK2 Urinary Protein Expression as Potential Biomarker for Bladder Cancer Detection: A Pilot Study.

Selim Komina, Gordana Petrusevska, Rubens Jovanovic, Slavica Kostadinova Kunovska, Sotir Stavridis, Saso Dohcev, Skender Saidi, Sonja Topuzovska

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Turkish journal of urology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Selim KominaSs. Cyril and Methodious University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Skopje, North Macedonia.
Gordana PetrusevskaSs. Cyril and Methodious University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Skopje, North Macedonia.
Rubens JovanovicSs. Cyril and Methodious University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Skopje, North Macedonia.
Slavica Kostadinova KunovskaSs. Cyril and Methodious University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Skopje, North Macedonia.
Sotir StavridisSs. Cyril and Methodious University, Faculty of Medicine, University Urology Clinic, Skopje, North Macedonia.
Saso DohcevSs. Cyril and Methodious University, Faculty of Medicine, University Urology Clinic, Skopje, North Macedonia.
Skender SaidiSs. Cyril and Methodious University, Faculty of Medicine, University Urology Clinic, Skopje, North Macedonia.
Sonja TopuzovskaSs. Cyril and Methodious University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Skopje, North Macedonia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to measure the AHNAK2 urinary levels in bladder cancer patients. MATERIAL AND

methodsThis prospective case-control study enrolled 67 participants between January and March 2019 and were categorized into bladder cancer group (n=37), with histologically proven bladder can cer, and control group (n=30), with histologically verified benign lesions or with no bladder cancer indica tion during follow-up. Urine samples of 15 mL were collected in the mid-morning before cystoscopy/surger y and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed as per the manufacturer's protocol. Bladder malignancies were classified according to the World Health Organization Tumor Classification. Group's associations were evaluated with the Student t-test, Spearman's rank correlation, and Mann-Whitney U test, while receiver operating curve was plotted for assessing the test's performance.

resultsMean age of the bladder cancer group was 66.41 years (standard deviation=10.04, range=43-82 years) and the control group was 59.67 years (standard deviation=10.44, range=38-77 years). All bladder cancers were of the urothelial histotype, with the following pT distribution: pTa/papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (n=19; 28.4%), Primary tumor (pT) in situ (n=4; 6%), pT1 (n=7; 10.4%), and pT≥2 (n=7; 10.48%). Mean AHNAK2 levels were higher in bladder cancer patients 49.08 pg/mL (standard deviation=114.91) compared to controls 5.28 pg/mL (standard devia tion=6.65), P < .05). Significant differences were noted between non-invasive bladder cancer (n=23; mean=7.14 pg/mL; standard deviation=7.26) and invasive bladder cancer (n=14; mean=117.99 pg/mL; standard deviation=168.08) and between non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (mean=23.19 pg/mL; standard deviation=66.93) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (mean=160.05 pg/mL; standard devia tion=199.65) (P < .001). The result of the assays was given as follows: sensitivity: 64.19%, specificity: 66.67%, positive predictive value: 22.07%, negative predictive value: 92.37%, area under curve: 0.695, and 95% CI: 0.57-0.82.

conclusionAHNAK2 protein could be used as bladder cancer surveillance biomarker. The inclusion of AHNAK2 levels in stratification nomograms might reduce the number of unnecessary cystoscopies.

Identifiers

PMID36416332
PMCPMC9797797

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.