SynthesisPsychological medicine2022
Neuropsychological differences between treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Psychological medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Domain-specific cognitive function in euthymic bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Knowledge domain and trends in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) research based on CiteSpace bibliometrics analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Sex differences in neurocognitive response to metacognitive training in first-episode psychosis: Implications for personalized interventions.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Trial
- Computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) as a recovery-oriented intervention for schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- An etiological approach to psychosis: potential benefits for treatment, research and prevention.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Verbal fluency and attention and processing speed associated with clinical recovery in patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Metabolic biomarkers of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and cognitive correlates: insights from a machine learning.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genetic evidence for causal relationship between general cognition and treatment resistance in schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Are cognitive deficits more severe among people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia than treatment responders?Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- Why Is Clozapine Uniquely Effective in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia? A Review and Proposal.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- A scoping review of genetic studies of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Establishment of an electronic library in forensic psychiatric wards: a survey of its actual use by forensic inpatients.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Premorbid school performance trajectories in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia prescribed clozapine in the public health system in Chile: a case-control study, 2007-2020.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Relationship between cognitive impairments and psychopathological symptoms in female schizophrenia subsequent to 8 weeks treatment with antipsychotic drugs.BMC psychiatry · 2025Observational
- Prevalence of treatment-resistant schizophrenia among people with early psychosis and its clinical and demographic correlates.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Efficacy of Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.Alpha psychiatry · 2024Article
- Distinct alterations in probabilistic reversal learning across at-risk mental state, first episode psychosis and persistent schizophrenia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Increased NLRP1 mRNA and Protein Expression Suggests Inflammasome Activation in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal and Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Article
- Unsupervised Machine Learning Driven Analysis of Verbatims of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia Patients Having Followed Avatar Therapy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antipsychotic treatment resistance affects up to a third of individuals with schizophrenia. Of those affected, 70-84% are reported to be treatment resistant from the outset. This raises the possibility that the neurobiological mechanisms of treatment resistance emerge before the onset of psychosis and have a neurodevelopmental origin. Neuropsychological investigations can offer important insights into the nature, origin and pathophysiology of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), but methodological limitations in a still emergent field of research have obscured the neuropsychological discriminability of TRS. We report on the first systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate neuropsychological differences between TRS patients and treatment-responsive controls across 17 published studies (1864 participants). Five meta-analyses were performed in relation to (1) executive function, (2) general cognitive function, (3) attention, working memory and processing speed, (4) verbal memory and learning, and (5) visual-spatial memory and learning. Small-to-moderate effect sizes emerged for all domains. Similarly to previous comparisons between unselected, drug-naïve and first-episode schizophrenia samples
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.