Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36414809›Full record

ArticleThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2023

Out-of-pocket costs sustained in the last 12 months by cancer patients: an Italian survey-based study on individual expenses between 2017 and 2018.

Roberto Lillini, Francesco De Lorenzo, Paolo Baili, Elisabetta Iannelli, Laura M Del Campo, Dina Pero, Gianfranca Traclò, Alessandro Sproviero, Milena Sant, Francesco Perrone

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Article in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Roberto LilliniAnalytic Epidemiology and Health Impact Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy. roberto.lillini@istitutotumori.mi.it.
Francesco De LorenzoItalian Federation of Cancer Patients Organization, FAVO, Via Barberini 11, 00187, Rome, Italy.
Paolo BailiAnalytic Epidemiology and Health Impact Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
Elisabetta IannelliItalian Federation of Cancer Patients Organization, FAVO, Via Barberini 11, 00187, Rome, Italy.
Laura M Del CampoItalian Federation of Cancer Patients Organization, FAVO, Via Barberini 11, 00187, Rome, Italy.
Dina PeroItalian Association of Cancer Patients, Relatives and Friends, Aimac, Via Barberini, 11, 00187, Rome, Italy.
Gianfranca TraclòItalian Association of Cancer Patients, Relatives and Friends, Aimac, Via Barberini, 11, 00187, Rome, Italy.
Alessandro SprovieroDatamining Srl, Viale Jonio, 332, 00141, Rome, Italy.
Milena SantAnalytic Epidemiology and Health Impact Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
Francesco PerroneClinical Trials Unit, National Cancer Institute of Naples, IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeOut of Pocket costs (OOP) sustained by cancer patients also in public NHS contribute to disease-related financial toxicity. Aim of the study was to investigate the amount and the types of OOP sustained by Italian cancer patients for care services.

methodsA sample survey was conducted by FAVO in December 2017-June 2018, in 39 adhering hospitals and 1289 patients diagnosed from 1985 to 2018, by standardized questionnaire inquiring on: yearly expenditure by cancer service, age, year of diagnosis, disease phase, cancer site, sex, marital status, education, residence. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed between OOP and each variable. Multilevel mixed-effects negative binomial regression was used to assess the combined effects of patients characteristics on the differences in acquiring health services.

resultsThe yearly average OOP was 1841.81€, with the highest values for transports (359.34€) and for diagnostic examinations (259.82€). Significantly higher OOP were found in North and Centre than South and Islands (167.51 vs. 138.39). In the fully adjusted multivariable analysis, the variables significantly associated with higher than reference expenditure were: medium/high education (OR 1.22 [1.05-1.42], upper gastrointestinal tract cancer (OR 1.37 [1.06-1.77]), disease phase of treatments for cancer progression or pain therapy (OR 1.59 [1.30-1.93]).

conclusionItalian cancer patients in 2018 sustained OOP quite similar to those measured in 2012 to supplement NHS services. The main component of the OOP costs were diagnostic examination and transportation. The NHS should pay attention to potentiate its ability to answer unmet needs of patients with advanced cancer who are the most fragile ones. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Reinforcing the services where the main OOP expenses are located can help in promoting public health actions and reduce socio-economic needs that could compromise the receipt of optimal care along the whole disease course, from diagnosis to rehabilitation.

Indexed as

Health ExpendituresNeoplasmsCosts and Cost AnalysisHealth ServicesHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesCancer careCancer patientsFinancial toxicityNational health systemOut-of-pocket health expenditures

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PMID36414809

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.