ArticleBMJ open2022
Gender differences in social environmental changes associated with smoking: a cross-sectional study from Chinese internal migrants.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of a nomogram for predicting the risk of carcinoma in chronic atrophic gastritis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- The role of health literacy within the social determinants of health framework: a cross-sectional study on smoking behavior in Fujian, China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Preoperative low absolute and relative handgrip strength as predictors of postoperative short-term outcomes: a prospective study based on patients aged 60 years and older with gastric cancer.European geriatric medicine · 2023Observational
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4 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTo identify clues for women's tobacco control, this study analyses the gender differences in social environmental changes associated with smoking and the interaction between the environment and individuals' social integration. DESIGN, SETTING AND
participantsA cross-sectional design and secondary analysis were used among Chinese internal migrants. Data were from the 2012 Migrant Dynamics Monitoring Survey in China with participants aged 15-59 years old (75 416 women and 83 140 men) who resided in cities for more than 1 month. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Social environmental changes were measured by differences in smoking prevalence and women's empowerment between the migrant-receiving province (MRP) and migrant-sending province (MSP). Social participation and duration of stay (DOS) were adopted as indicators of social integration. Stratified analysis and binary logistic regression models were used to determine the dependent variable (smoking status) and environmental changes after controlling for age, education, income and happiness.
resultsDifferences in the smoking prevalence environment (lower in MRP, OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.83; higher rate in MRP, OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.37) and women's empowerment (lower rate in MRP, OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.97; higher rate in MRP, OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33) between MRP and MSP were positively correlated with women's smoking. In men, however, migrating to an area with lower smoking prevalence could not reduce smoking risk, whereas moving to an area with higher women's empowerment could. A long DOS was an independent risk factor for smoking in women (ranged from 1.20 to 2.00 in various environmental changes scenarios) but a protective factor for men. An interaction between environmental changes and social integration could not be verified.
conclusionsTobacco control strategies should consider gender differences, especially women who are experiencing social environmental changes.
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