Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36413978›Full record

ArticleCardiology2023

Aortic Regurgitation Requiring Unplanned Surgery following Transcatheter Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect in Children: Incidence and Risk Factors.

Kaijun Zhang, Penghui Yang, Dan Yin, Mi Li, Xiaohua Liang, Tiewei Lv, Min Zheng, Ping Xiang

Open access · hybridFull text read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 38% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Transcatheter ventricular septal defect closure in children: ten-year experience with multiple devices and long-term outcomes.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kaijun ZhangChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, kaijunzhangmail@163.com.
Penghui YangChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Dan YinChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Mi LiChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Xiaohua LiangChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Tiewei LvChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Min ZhengChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Ping XiangChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University · CNChina International Science and Technology Cooperation · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionOur aim was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for aortic regurgitation (AR) requiring unplanned surgery after transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) in children.

methodsMedical records of 876 children with VSD who underwent transcatheter closure from July 2009 to September 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Groups with and without new-onset or increasing AR requiring unplanned surgery were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the possible risk factors. Smoothing plot and threshold effect analysis were carried out to find the relationship between possible factors and risk of new-onset or increasing AR.

resultsA total of 29 children (3.3%) underwent unplanned surgery after transcatheter closure owing to new-onset or increasing AR, including 6 children with new-onset AR and 23 children with increasing AR. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that preoperative mild AR (OR: 60.39, 95% CI: 11.53-316.30, p < 0.001), larger ratio between diameter to body surface area (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01-1.55, p = 0.039), intracristal VSD (OR: 34.09, 95% CI: 4.07-285.65, p < 0.001), and shorter distance from the upper edge of defect to the aortic valve (or the sub-aortic rim) (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.05-0.27, p < 0.001) were risk factors for new-onset or increasing AR requiring unplanned surgery. And, low risk of AR after muscular VSD transcatheter closure was found. An L-shaped nonlinear relationship between the sub-aortic rim and the risk of new-onset or increasing AR was observed, and the risk of new-onset or increasing AR with the sub-aortic rim up to the turning point (2 mm) (adjusted OR: 0.00, 95% CI: 0.00-0.08; p =0.001). With a median time of 7.3 years' follow-up, no new-onset or increasing AR has been found for children who initially did not have unplanned surgery.

conclusionPreoperative mild AR, larger ratio between diameter to body surface area, intracristal VSD, and shorter distance of the sub-aortic rim (especially <2 mm) could increase the risk of new-onset or increasing AR requiring unplanned surgery after transcatheter closure of VSD.

Indexed as

Aortic Valve InsufficiencyHeart Septal Defects, VentricularCardiac CatheterizationChildHumansIncidenceRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeAortic regurgitationChildrenIncidence and risk factorsTranscatheter closureUnplanned surgeryVentricular septal defect

Identifiers

PMID36413978
PMCPMC10015750
OpenAlexW4309643636

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
measurements read19
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.