ArticleJAMA network open2022
Association of Prenatal Exposure to Benzodiazepines With Development of Autism Spectrum and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders.
Article in JAMA network open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prenatal exposure to sedative-hypnotics and the risk of ADHD and ASD in offspring: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Anxiolytics: A Critical Review on Brain Development and Neurobehavioral Manifestations in Offspring.Neurotoxicity research · 2026Review
- Prenatal diazepam exposure impairs maternal caregiving behaviors in rats: Roles of GABAARα1 downregulation, serotonin depletion, and corticosterone dysregulation.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Prenatal depression and psychotropics in offspring asthma and atopic dermatitis.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2026Article
- Benzodiazepine or Z-hypnotic use during pregnancy and risk of psychiatric disorders in children: population based cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Article
- Association between anesthetics and autism spectrum disorder: from bench to bedside.Journal of anesthesia · 2025Review
- Consensus Panel Recommendations for the Pharmacological Management of Pregnant Women with Depressive Disorders.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Risks of prematurity and low birth weight associated with trimester-specific prenatal benzodiazepine exposure.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: Prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines is reported to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders among children, but associations of maternal genetic confounding with neurodevelopmental disorders among children have not been taken into consideration. Objective: To ascertain whether prenatal benzodiazepine exposure was associated with development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used linked data from birth certificate registration and the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2017, on 1 138 732 mothers with 1 516 846 live births between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed between February 20, 2021, and September 19, 2022. Exposure: Benzodiazepine exposure during pregnancy (first trimester to third trimester) was defined as having at least one benzodiazepine prescription dispensed. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcomes were ADHD and ASD. Results: There were 1 516 846 children (mean [SD] gestational age, 38.5 [1.8] years; 789 455 boys [52.0%]) born full term who were younger than 14 years of age and followed up to 2017; 5.0% of the children (n = 76 411) were exposed to a benzodiazepine during pregnancy. Benzodiazepine exposure during pregnancy was associated with increased risks of ADHD (first trimester exposure: hazard ratio [HR], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.20-1.28]; second trimester exposure: HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.21-1.34]; third trimester exposure: HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.14-1.37]) and ASD (first trimester exposure: HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.05-1.21]; second trimester exposure: HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.98-1.22]; third trimester exposure: HR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.00-1.47]). However, no differences were found with unexposed sibling controls during the same time frame for ADHD (first trimester exposure: HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.83-1.00]; second trimester exposure: HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.78-1.01]; third trimester exposure: HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.83-1.41]) or ASD (first trimester exposure: HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.75-1.14]; second trimester exposure: HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.71-1.33]; third trimester exposure: HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.53-2.16]). Similar findings were also noted in the stratification analysis of short-acting and long-acting benzodiazepines. Conclusions and Relevance: This cohort study suggests that previously described adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with benzodiazepine exposure during pregnancy were likely to be accounted for by maternal genetic confounding.
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