SynthesisSurgical innovation2023
The Role of Augmented Reality in Surgical Training: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Surgical innovation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Enhancing Surgical Precision: A Systematic Review of Wearable Medical Devices for Assisted Surgery.Journal of medical systems · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of extended reality simulators on ophthalmic surgical training and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 17,623 eyes.Eye (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- How is 3D modeling in metabolic surgery utilized and what is its clinical benefit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Identifying Research Priorities in Digital Education for Health Care: Umbrella Review and Modified Delphi Method Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Acceptance and use of extended reality in surgical training: an umbrella review.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Augmented Reality Integration in Skull Base Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Integrating multidisciplinary team teaching with case-based learning in urology internship education.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- Perspective or Spectacle? Teaching thoracic aortic anatomy in a mixed reality assisted educational approach- a two-armed randomized pilot study.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024Trial
- Integrating mixed reality navigation in spine surgery: experience from a national spinal injuries unit and logistical-economic analysis.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Gynecologic Oncology Education: Insights from a Qualitative Study Using Semi-Structured Interviews.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2026Article
- Integrating Augmented Reality Into Otologic Cadaveric Surgical Training.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- A Novel Mixed-reality Simulator for Training Metacarpal Fracture Reduction and Kirschner Wire Fixation.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- The evolution of cardiothoracic surgery training: from apprenticeship to AI-assisted simulation.Kardiochirurgia i torakochirurgia polska = Polish journal of cardio-thoracic surgery · 2026Review
- Augmented Reality and Gamification vs. Traditional Surgical Instrument Training on Knowledge and Skills of Medical Students: A 2×2 Factorial Randomized Study.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Predictive Factors of Augmented Reality-Based Clinical Task Performance Among Novice Users: Cross-Sectional Quantitative Study.JMIR XR and spatial computing · 2026Article
- Medical Digital Twin Technology for Interoperability: Challenges and Opportunities.Biomedical engineering and computational biology · 2026Review
- Review
- AI-Powered Predictive Models in Implant Dentistry: Planning, Risk Assessment, and Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the Application of HoloLens Mixed Reality Combined with Eye Tracking and Visual Perception Technologies in Pediatric Orthopedic 3D Education.Journal of medical systems · 2025Review
- Augmented reality advances in visualizing rare vascular anomalies of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome during neurosurgery.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review aims to provide an update on the role of augmented reality (AR) in surgical training and investigate whether the use of AR improves performance measures compared to traditional approaches in surgical trainees. PUBMED, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, British Library and Science Direct were searched following PRIMSA guidelines. All English language original studies pertaining to AR in surgical training were eligible for inclusion. Qualitative analysis was performed and results were categorised according to simulator models, subsequently being evaluated using Messick's framework for validity and McGaghie's translational outcomes for simulation-based learning. Of the 1132 results retrieved, 45 were included in the study. 29 platforms were identified, with the highest 'level of effectiveness' recorded as 3. In terms of validity parameters, 10 AR models received a strong 'content validity' score of 2.15 models had a 'response processes' score ≥ 1. 'Internal structure' and 'consequences' were largely not discussed. 'Relations to other variables' was the best assessed criterion, with 9 platforms achieving a high score of 2. Overall, the Microsoft HoloLens received the highest level of recommendation for both validity and level of effectiveness. Augmented reality in surgical education is feasible and effective as an adjunct to traditional training. The Microsoft HoloLens has shown the most promising results across all parameters and produced improved performance measures in surgical trainees. In terms of the other simulator models, further research is required with stronger study designs, in order to validate the use of AR in surgical training.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.