ArticleOrthopaedic surgery2023
The Biomechanical Effects of Different Bag-Carrying Styles on Lumbar Spine and Paraspinal Muscles: A Combined Musculoskeletal and Finite Element Study.
Article in Orthopaedic surgery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of Lumbar Joint Movement and Dynamics of Weightlifters.Applied bionics and biomechanics · 2025Article
- Biomechanical Effects of Multi-segment Fixation on Lumbar Spine and Sacroiliac Joints: A Finite Element Analysis.Orthopaedic surgery · 2024Article
- Musculoskeletal model predicted paraspinal loading may quick estimate the effect of exercise on spine BMD.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Article
- Finite Element Modeling of the Human Wrist: A Review.Journal of wrist surgery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesBags such as handbags, shoulder bags, and backpacks are commonly used. However, it is difficult to assess the biomechanical effects of bag-carrying styles on the lumbar spine and paraspinal muscles using traditional methods. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of bag-carrying styles on the lumbar spine.
methodsWe developed a hybrid model that combined a finite element (FE) model of the lumbar spine and musculoskeletal models of three bag-carrying styles. The image data was collected from a 26-years-old, 176 cm and 70 kg volunteer. OpenSim and ABAQUS were used to do the musculoskeletal analysis and finite analysis. Paraspinal muscle force, intervertebral compressive force (ICF), and intervertebral shear force (ISF) on L1 were calculated and loaded into the FE model to assess the stress distribution on the lumbar spine.
resultsDifferent paraspinal muscle activation occurred in the three bag-carrying models. The increase in the ICF generated by all three bags was greater than the bags' weights. The handbag produced greater muscle force, ICF, ISF, and peak stress on the nucleus pulposus than the backpack and shoulder bag of the same weight. Peak stress on the intervertebral discs in the backpack model and the L1-L4 segments of the shoulder bag model increased linearly with bag weight, and increased exponentially with bag weight in the handbag model.
conclusionUnbalanced bag-carrying styles (shoulder bags and handbags) led to greater muscle force, which generated greater ICF, ISF, and peak stress on the lumbar spine. The backpack produced the least burden on the lumbar spine and paraspinal muscles. Heavy handbags should be used carefully in daily life.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.