ArticleFrontiers in public health2022
Hand washing practice among public primary school children and associated factors in Harar town, eastern Ethiopia: An institution-based cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Minimum material requirements for hand hygiene in community settings: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Household determinants of observed handwashing among primary schoolchildren in Hebron, Palestine: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Trial
- A clinical trial evaluation of handwashing products and educational resources to improve hand hygiene in paediatric patients and school children.Frontiers in public health · 2024Trial
- Hand hygiene practices: knowledge and habits of children aged 8-10 years.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Exploring environmental risk factors for diarrhea: Evidence from the Indonesian Health Survey, 2023.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2026Article
- Global burden of influenza lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years from 1990 to 2021.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Train-the-trainer model in public health practice: Feasibility of senior nursing students as catalysts for hand hygiene education in school-aged children.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Handwashing practices and associated factors among public primary schoolchildren in the Benadir Region, Somalia.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Barriers to hand hygiene practice among healthcare workers in health centres of Kirkos and Akaki Kality sub-cities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a qualitative study.Infection prevention in practice · 2025Article
- Baseline Assessment of Handwashing Behavior, Hand Hygiene Conditions, and Wellbeing in Primary Schools in Nigeria.International journal of public health · 2025Article
- Factors influencing hygienic behavior among students in Central Kazakhstan during COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Handwashing Practices among Public Primary School Students in East Dembiya District, Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Development of a risk estimation model for condomless sex among college students in Zhuhai, China: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Factors associated with hygiene practices among primary school children in southern Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Science behind children's handwashing: action study of 9- to 10-years-old elementary school students in Japan.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Assessing hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Guatemalan primary school students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Handwashing Practices and Associated Factors Among School Children in Kirkos and Akaki Kality Sub-Cities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Environmental health insights · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Hand washing with soap and water reduces the risk of diarrheal episode by 28-48% and acute respiratory infection by 20-50%. However, there is limited evidence on hand washing practices among students in Eastern Ethiopia, particularly in Harari town. Therefore, this study aimed to determine hand washing practice among primary school students and associated factors in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was applied among 670 students in Harar town from June 1 to 30, 2021. A multi-stage sampling was employed; 6 out of 20 schools were selected through simple random sampling, while eligible children from each school was selected by probability proportional to size sampling method. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire with a face-to-face interview technique and via observation. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Binary and mult-variable analysis were used to determine the association between factors and outcome variable. Finally, a Results: A total of 670 participants were included in the study, of which 248 (37.0%) had washed their hands [95% CI: 33.3-40.06]. Being in grade 8 Adjusted Odd Ratio[AOR = 4.9; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.28-10.52], living in an urban area [AOR = 3.49; 95% CI: 1.29-9.40], having role models (parents [AOR = 4.41; 95% CI: 1.79-10.86], teachers [AOR = 3.69; 95% CI: 1.39-8.81], and health professionals [AOR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.17-8.63]), availability of hand washing facility [AOR = 3.62; 95% CI: 1.57-8.34], access to soap and water [AOR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.39-5.98] and being membership of water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) club [AOR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.41-4.03] were found to be significantly associated with hand washing practice. Conclusions: The current study found that nearly a third of students practiced proper hand washing. Hand washing practice was influenced by students' grade level, residence, referents (role models for hand washing), presence of a hand washing facility, access to water and soap, and membership of WASH club. Therefore, the finding revealed that there is a need to improve hand-washing practices in schools by concerned agencies.
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