New patch-based strategy for COVID-19 automatic identification using chest x-ray images.

Purpose: The development of a robust model for automatic identification of COVID-19 based on chest x-rays has been a widely addressed topic over the last couple of years; however, the scarcity of good quality images sets, and their limited size, have proven to be an important obstacle to obtain reliable models. In fact, models proposed so far have suffered from over-fitting erroneous features instead of learning lung features, a phenomenon known as shortcut learning. In this research, a new image classification methodology is proposed that attempts to mitigate this problem. Methods: To this end, annotation by expert radiologists of a set of images was performed. The lung region was then segmented and a new classification strategy based on a patch partitioning that improves the resolution of the convolution neural network is proposed. In addition, a set of native images, used as an external evaluation set, is released. Results: The best results were obtained for the 6-patch splitting variant with 0.887 accuracy, 0.85 recall and 0.848 F1score on the external validation set. Conclusion: The results show that the proposed new strategy maintains similar values between internal and external validation, which gives our model generalization power, making it available for use in hospital settings. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12553-022-00704-4.