ArticleFrontiers in medicine2022
Administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhanced chimeric antigen receptor T-cell expansion and cellular immunity recovery without inducing cytokine release syndrome.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- The interplay between recovery and immunity in infectious and non-communicable diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Latest updates on pathogenesis mechanisms and management strategies for cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis related to CAR-T cell therapies.Annals of hematology · 2025Review
- Growth Factor in the Setting of CAR T-Cell Therapy: To Use or Not to Use.Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology · 2024Review
- CAR T-Cell Persistence Correlates with Improved Outcome in Patients with B-Cell Lymphoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Neutropenia and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) are two major toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an ideal candidate treatment for neutropenia except for its potential aggravation of CRS. We hypothesized that the optimal timing of supplemental with GM-CSF in a shortage of host immunity and CAR T-cell was chosen as avoidance of CRS. In the study we evaluated the safety and efficacy of GM-CSF intervention post-CAR T-cell therapy while circulating CAR T-cell declined. Materials and methods: Nine patients received GM-CSF therapy who displayed moderate neutropenia with absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) < 1,500 cells/mm Results: The median duration of GM-CSF intervention was 15 days (4-30). CAR T-cell expansion was observed in peripheral blood (PB) of seven patients (7/9). The median baseline and peak CAR T cells count in PB of the seven patients with CAR T-cell expansion were 0.85 × 10 Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the clinical feasibility of combining CAR T-cell therapy with the GM-CSF to treat neutropenia patients with concomitant declination of circulating CAR T-cell.
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Registered trials
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