ArticleMicrochemical journal : devoted to the application of microtechniques in all branches of science2023
The ecological impact of liquid chromatographic methods reported for bioanalysis of COVID-19 drug, hydroxychloroquine: Insights on greenness assessment.
Article in Microchemical journal : devoted to the application of microtechniques in all branches of science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-Metric Assessment of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Methods for Mycotoxin Determination in Human Urine: Advancing Sustainable, Practical, and Innovative Analytical Practices.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for the Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Food Products.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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- Sustainable Anisaldehyde-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Monitoring Antibiotic Residues in Commercial Milk and Eggs: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Greenness, Practicality, Analytical Performance and Innovation.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Computer aided greenness by design approach for resolving and quantifying Triamterene and Hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical mixtures employing multiscale dynamics simulations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Insights into the sustainability of liquid chromatographic methods for favipiravir bioanalysis: a comparative study.RSC advances · 2024Review
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- Chemometric Assisted UV-Spectrophotometric Methods Using Multivariate Curve Resolution Alternating Least Squares and Partial Least Squares Regression for Determination of Beta-Antagonists in Formulated Products: Evaluation of the Ecological Impact.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine is a drug that has been widely used during the early stages of COVID-19 pandemic. Different liquid chromatographic methods have been reported for the analysis of hydroxychloroquine in various biological matrices such as human plasma, serum, whole blood, oral fluid, rat plasma and tissues. In this comparative study, the most popular tools used for assessing the greenness profile: National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI), Eco-Scale Assessment (ESA), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical Greenness metric (AGREE) were utilized to evaluate the ecological impact of eighteen liquid chromatographic methods developed for the bioanalysis of COVID-19 drug; hydroxychloroquine. NEMI is the simplest tool for evaluating the greenness profile of developed methods, but it is the least informative approach as all the reported methods had the same NEMI pictograms. On the other hand, GAPI is a dependable tool providing a complete picture about the method greenness starting from sampling until the final determination. ESA and AGREE tools are digitally presented and more easily applied. Therefore, their utilization for greenness assessment is highly recommended. Selection of the highest eco-friendly analytical procedure is of a paramount importance for protecting human health and the environment. Considering the greenness of the analytical procedures is highly recommended before proceeding to routine use in order to minimize the chemical hazards to the environment. The most eco-friendly analytical procedures for the analysis of hydroxychloroquine in biological samples according to ESA, GAPI and AGREE tools will be highlighted and discussed.
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Registered trials
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