ArticleHospital pediatrics2022
Diagnosis Code and Health Care Utilization Patterns Associated With Diagnostic Uncertainty.
Article in Hospital pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking scale in AI-driven genomic medicine - The role of small biobanks.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Utilization of acute medical services in general practice: a retrospective routine data analysis.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Diagnostic Uncertainty Among Critically Ill Children Admitted to the PICU: A Multicenter Study.Critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Patient-Clinician Diagnostic Concordance upon Hospital Admission.Applied clinical informatics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesDiagnostic uncertainty is challenging to identify and study in clinical practice. This study compares differences in diagnosis code and health care utilization between a unique cohort of hospitalized children with uncertain diagnoses (UD) and matched controls. PATIENTS AND
methodsThis case-control study was conducted at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Cases were defined as patients admitted to the pediatric hospital medicine service and having UDs during their hospitalization. Control patients were matched on age strata, biological sex, and time of year. Outcomes included type of diagnosis codes used (ie, disease- or nondisease-based) and change in code from admission to discharge. Differences in diagnosis codes were evaluated using conditional logistic regression. Health care utilization outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), hospital transfer, consulting service utilization, rapid response team activations, escalation to intensive care, and 30-day health care reutilization. Differences in health care utilization were assessed using bivariate statistics.
resultsOur final cohort included 240 UD cases and 911 matched controls. Compared with matched controls, UD cases were 8 times more likely to receive a nondisease-based diagnosis code (odds ratio [OR], 8.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7-11.2) and 2.5 times more likely to have a change in their primary International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, diagnosis code between admission and discharge (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.9-3.4). UD cases had a longer average LOS and higher transfer rates to our main hospital campus, consulting service use, and 30-day readmission rates.
conclusionsHospitalized children with UDs have meaningfully different patterns of diagnosis code use and increased health care utilization compared with matched controls.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.