ArticleIranian biomedical journal2022
Evaluation of Anticancer and Cytotoxic Effects of Genistein on PC3 Prostate Cell Line under Three-Dimensional Culture Medium
Article in Iranian biomedical journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual-functional Green Tea Polyphenol loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Eradication of Uropathogenic Biofilm and Induction of Apoptotic Pathways in Prostate Cancer Cells.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Anticancer Potential of Isoflavones: A Narrative Overview of Mechanistic Insights and Experimental Evidence from the Past Ten Years.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Modulated by Genistein in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the Anti-Liver Cancer Activity of Protein Fractions Isolated fromProtein and peptide letters · 2025Article
- The Pros and Cons of Estrogens in Prostate Cancer: An Update with a Focus on Phytoestrogens.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Uptake by Caveolae-Dependent Endocytosis is Responsible for Their Selective Effect Towards Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is a major cause of disease and mortality among men. Genistein (GNT) is an isoflavone found naturally in legumes. Isoflavones, a subset of phytoestrogens, are structurally similar to mammalian estrogens. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer and cytotoxic effects of GNT on PC3 cell line under three dimensional (3D) culture medium. Methods: The 3D culture was created by encapsulating the PC3 cells in alginate hydrogel. MTT assay, neutral red uptake, comet assay, and cytochrome C assay were used to study the anticancer and cytotoxic effects of GNT at 120, 240, and 480 μM concentrations. Also, nitric oxide (NO), catalase, and glutathione assay levels were determined to evaluate the effect of GNT on the cellular stress. The culture medium was used as the negative control. Results: GNT reduced the production of cellular NO and increased the production of catalase and glutathione, confirming the results of the NO test. Evaluation of the toxicity effect of GNT at the concentrations of 120, 240, and 480 μM using comet assay showed that this chemical agent induces apoptosis in PC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. As the level of cytochrome C in PC3 cells treated with different concentrations of GNT was not significantly different from that of the control, GNT could induce apoptosis in PC3 cells through the non-mitochondrial pathway. Conclusion: The findings of this study disclose that the anticancer effect of GNT on PC3 cells under 3D culture conditions could increase the effectiveness of treatment. Also, the cell survival rate is dependent on GNT concentration.
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