ReviewCardiovascular diabetology2022
The interplay of galectins-1, -3, and -9 in the immune-inflammatory response underlying cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
Review in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Galectins can serve as biomarkers in COVID-19: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Senescent Cell Heterogeneity: Tissue-Dependent Signatures and Age Dynamics Revealed by Human scRNA-Seq Data.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Heart-derived factors and organ cross-talk in settings of health and disease: new knowledge and clinical opportunities for multimorbidity.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Expression, Localization and Actions of Galectin-3: Implications in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Glycobiology-driven therapeutic targeting of glycan-binding proteins: mechanisms, diseases, and clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- From adipokine to integrator: longitudinal galectin-1 changes mirror glycemic, hepatic, renal, and lipid remodeling after bariatric surgery.Nutrition & diabetes · 2026Article
- Proteins as Mediators of the Association Between Dietary Pattern and Premature Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Using Immune Clusters for Classifying Heterogeneity of Immunity in Healthy Adults.Current medical science · 2026Article
- Galectin-1 Is a Marker but Not a Mediator of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Spironolactone and Fibrosis in Heart Failure Risk: Machine Learning Analysis of HOMAGE Trial Plasma Proteomics.MedComm · 2026Article
- Abnormal Galectin Signaling in the Pathomechanisms of Placental Dysfunction in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Integrated Immune and Molecular Profiling Identifies Prognostic Subgroups and Therapeutic Targets in Chondrosarcoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Galectins: Role and Therapeutics in Diabetes and Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Article
- Differential Expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-9 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Galectin-1 in Cardiovascular Pathogenesis: Unraveling Dual Roles and Mechanistic Insights in Emerging Research.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- A Novel Chitin-Based Purification System Using GAL1 Fusion Tags: Enhancing Recombinant Protein Production While Retaining Biological Activity.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of HMC3 and C20 Microglial Cell Lines Reveals Differential Myeloid Characteristics and Responses to Immune Stimuli.Immunology · 2025Review
- Dichotomous effects of Galectin-9 in disease modulation in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside-binding proteins that bind and crosslink molecules via their sugar moieties, forming signaling and adhesion networks involved in cellular communication, differentiation, migration, and survival. Galectins are expressed ubiquitously across immune cells, and their function varies with their tissue-specific and subcellular location. Particularly galectin-1, -3, and -9 are highly expressed by inflammatory cells and are involved in the modulation of several innate and adaptive immune responses. Modulation in the expression of these proteins accompany major processes in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, obesity, and diabetes, making them attractive therapeutic targets. In this review we consider the broad cellular activities ascribed to galectin-1, -3, and -9, highlighting those linked to the progression of different inflammatory driven pathologies in the context of cardiovascular and metabolic disease, to better understand their mechanism of action and provide new insights into the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.