ArticleBMC public health2022
The actual and anticipated effects of restrictions on flavoured electronic nicotine delivery systems: a scoping review.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review investigating policy design and implementation of US state and local policy to restrict the sale of flavored tobacco products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- "Cannabis Green Wave" versus "Nicotine Freeze": the regulatory paradox of cannabis liberalization and nicotine prohibition.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Electronic cigarette use, related health outcomes and policy interventions in the USA: a call for research to fill evidence gaps.Tobacco control · 2026Review
- Supporting policymakers with a decision aid to evaluate the impact of e-cigarette flavour restrictions.Health research policy and systems · 2026Article
- Evaluating the substitutability of fruit versus menthol and tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes on combustible cigarette cessation: Randomized clinical trial protocol.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Prevalence and correlates of uncontrolled vaping among US adults.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Toxicity and Appeal of Flavoured E-Cigarettes and Flavour Ban Outcomes: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- E-CIGARETTE FLAVOR RESTRICTIONS' EFFECTS ON TOBACCO PRODUCT SALES.American journal of health economics · 2026Article
- A scoping review and thematic analysis of policy implications of novel and emerging nicotine and tobacco products regulation.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Patterns of flavored e-cigarette use at the time of quitting smoking: comparison between American young adults (18-24 years old) and older adults (> 24 years old).Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- State E-Cigarette Flavor Restrictions and Tobacco Product Use in Youths and Adults.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Article
- Flavored E-Cigarette Sales Restrictions and Young Adult Tobacco Use.JAMA health forum · 2024Article
- Understanding e-Cigarette Addictiveness: Triangulation of Focus Group and Netnographic Data.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- Birth-cohort patterns of e-cigarette and other tobacco use among adolescents in the US.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Responses to Real-World and Hypothetical E-Cigarette Flavor Bans Among US Young Adults Who Use Flavored E-Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Exploring the opinions and potential impact of unflavoured e-liquid on smoking cessation among people who smoke and smoking relapse among people who previously smoked and now use e-cigarettes: findings from a UK-based mixed methods study.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo synthesize the outcomes of policy evaluations of flavoured electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) restrictions. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science before May 3, 2022. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that report sales, behaviour, or compliance outcomes related to implemented or hypothetical ENDS flavour restrictions. DATA EXTRACTION: Restriction details, whether implemented or hypothetical, whether additional products were restricted, jurisdictional level, study locations, and outcomes classified by sales, behaviour, and compliance. DATA SYNTHESIS: We included 30 studies. Of those, 26 were conducted exclusively in the US, two in India, and two surveyed respondents in multiple countries, including the US. Twenty-one evaluated implemented restrictions, while nine considered hypothetical restrictions. Five studies evaluated product sales, 17 evaluated behaviour, and 10 evaluated compliance, with two studies reporting multiple outcomes. Two studies reported an increase and one a reduction in cigarette sales following restrictions, while three reported reductions in ENDS sales. Behavioural studies presented a mixed view of the impacts of regulations on ENDS and cigarette use. However, the use of disparate outcomes limits the comparability of studies. Studies of hypothetical restrictions suggest decreased ENDS use, increased cigarette use, and increased use of illicit markets. Studies of compliance with flavoured product restrictions that included ENDS found that 6-39% of stores sold restricted flavoured products post-restrictions. Online stores remain a potential source of restricted products.
conclusionOur findings highlight the need for additional research on the impacts of ENDS restrictions. Research should further evaluate the impact of restrictions on youth and adult use of nicotine and tobacco products in addition to the effects of restrictions in countries beyond the US to enable a robust consideration of the harm-benefit trade-off of restrictions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.