ArticleInternational dental journal2023
BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Immune Response in Oral Fluids and Serum.
Article in International dental journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Immune Response in Oral Fluids and Serum: Correspondence.International dental journal · 2023Article
- Long-term systemic and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgA response and its association with persistent smell and taste disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe COVID-19 vaccine is currently being administered worldwide to address the ongoing pandemic. Although these vaccines have proven effective in preventing severe disease, the level of immunity required to prevent respiratory mucosal infection remains less well understood. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a noninvasive screening strategy such as oral fluid to monitor secreted antibodies longitudinally as potential surrogates of mucosal immunity.
methodsWe evaluated the anti-spike protein antibodies in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva and compared them to immune responses in the blood of 50 healthy health care workers following 2 doses of intramuscular Pfizer/BioNTech-BNT162b2 vaccine.
resultsThe antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike and subdomain proteins (RBD, S1, S2, and NTD) were significantly higher in serum than oral fluids but showed a greater detection rate and higher median titres in GCF than saliva. For all tested SARS-CoV-2 antigens, IgG in GCF (as opposed to saliva) showed a more significant and stronger correlation with IgG in serum. Serum-neutralising antibodies (Nab) titres also displayed a significant and stronger correlation with anti-spike protein and their subdomains in GCF than saliva. Interestingly, the time post-second dose of vaccine and sex had a similar influence on IgG in serum and GCF. However, interferon (IFN)-γ-producing T-cell responses showed no association with SARS-Cov-2 IgG antibodies in serum, GCF, or saliva and neutralisation antibodies in serum. The correlation matrix of all measured parameters grouped serum and GCF IgG parameters separately from salivary IgG parameters indicating that GCF better represents the humoural response in serum than saliva.
conclusionsWithin limitations, we propose that GCF could be a less invasive alternative to serum and more appropriate than saliva to detect antibody responses by current COVID-19 vaccines if the GCF collection procedure could be standardised. Further research is needed to investigate the suitability of GCF for community immune surveillance for vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.