Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36401299›Full record

ArticleHarm reduction journal2022

Difficulty accessing supervised consumption services during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada.

Rachel Cassie, Kanna Hayashi, Kora DeBeck, M-J Milloy, Zishan Cui, Carol Strike, Jeff West, Mary Clare Kennedy

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Harm reduction journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Expanding supervised consumption services in rural Canada: Bridging gaps.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025
    Article
  6. Using illicit drugs alone in Vancouver, Canada: a gender-based analysis.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Rachel CassieSchool of Public Health, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave., Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
Kanna HayashiBritish Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada.
Kora DeBeckBritish Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada.
M-J MilloyBritish Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada.
Zishan CuiBritish Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada.
Carol StrikeDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.
Jeff WestVancouver Coastal Health, 828 W 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L8, Canada.
Mary Clare KennedyBritish Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada. bccsu-mck@bccsu.ubc.ca.
British Columbia Centre on Substance Use · CASimon Fraser University · CAUniversity of Alberta · CAUniversity of Toronto · CAVancouver Coastal Health · CA

Funding

Vancouver Drug Users Study: The Impacts of Evolving Drug Use Patterns on HIV/AIDSU01DA038886 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA · PI DEBECK, KORA, HAYASHI, KANNA · 2015 to 2024
$12.1M
Impacts of universal access to HIV/AIDS care among HIV+ injection drug usersU01DA021525 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA · PI MILLOY, M-J · 2017 to 2024
$4.3M
CIHR AWD‑017542NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA021525NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA038886
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe overdose crisis in Canada has worsened since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this trend is thought to be driven in part by closures or reduced capacity of supervised consumption services (SCS), little is known about the factors that may impede access to such services during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs. This study sought to characterize the prevalence and correlates of having difficulty accessing SCS during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada.

methodsCross-sectional data from two open prospective cohorts of people who use drugs were collected via phone or videoconferencing interviews conducted between July 2020 and November 2020. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with experiencing difficulty accessing SCS.

resultsAmong the 428 people who use drugs who participated in the study, 223 (54.7%) self-identified as men and the median age was 51 years (1st to 3rd quartile: 42-58). A total of 58 (13.6%) participants reported experiencing difficulty accessing SCS. In a multivariable analysis, factors positively associated with difficulty accessing SCS included daily crystal methamphetamine use (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-5.30), active injection drug use (AOR = 4.06; 95% CI 1.38-11.90), recent non-fatal overdose (AOR = 2.45; 95% CI 1.24-4.85), and unstable housing (AOR = 2.14; 95% CI 1.08-4.23). Age was inversely associated with the outcome (AOR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.93-0.99) in multivariable analyses. The most commonly reported reasons for experiencing difficulty accessing SCS were: COVID-19-related site closure or shortened hours (42.9%) and having to wait too long to use a site (39.3%).

conclusionsWe found that people who use drugs with markers of structural vulnerability and drug-related risk were more likely to experience difficulty accessing SCS during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings point to the need for strategies to support access to such services as part of pandemic response efforts.

Indexed as

COVID-19Drug OverdoseCanadaCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsProspective StudiesAddictionCOVID-19Illicit drug useOverdose crisisOverdose prevention siteSupervised consumption site

Identifiers

PMID36401299
PMCPMC9675060
OpenAlexW4309326389

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.