ArticleNature communications2022
Pre-equilibrium biosensors as an approach towards rapid and continuous molecular measurements.
Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Continuous Molecular Monitoring Using Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors: Remaining Challenges for Long-Term In Vivo Deployment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Biofunctionalized polymer semiconductors toward soft and stretchable transistor-based biosensors.Science advances · 2026Article
- Single-molecule readout of reversible nanoswitches enables continuous monitoring of low biomarker concentrations.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A biochemical sensor with continuous extended stability in vivo.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Engineered single chain variable fragments (scFvs) with improved pH-dependent kinetics for use in continuous biosensor applications.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Aptamer-engaged nanotherapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.Discover nano · 2025Review
- Generalizable Molecular Switch Designs forAccounts of chemical research · 2025Article
- A Review on Perception of Binding Kinetics in Affinity Biosensors: Challenges and Opportunities.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Advances in Wearable Biosensors for Healthcare: Current Trends, Applications, and Future Perspectives.Biosensors · 2024Review
- Plug-and-play protein biosensors using aptamer-regulated in vitro transcription.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Label-free, real-time monitoring of cytochrome C drug responses in microdissected tumor biopsies with a multi-well aptasensor platform.Science advances · 2024Article
- Wearing the Lab: Advances and Challenges in Skin-Interfaced Systems for Continuous Biochemical Sensing.Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology · 2024Review
- Reduction of Biosensor False Responses and Time Delay Using Dynamic Response and Theory-Guided Machine Learning.ACS sensors · 2023Article
- An antibody-based molecular switch for continuous small-molecule biosensing.Science advances · 2023Article
- Cortisol Monitoring Devices toward Implementation for Clinically Relevant Biosensing In Vivo.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Pre-equilibrium biosensors as an approach towards rapid and continuous molecular measurements.Nature communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Almost all biosensors that use ligand-receptor binding operate under equilibrium conditions. However, at low ligand concentrations, the equilibration with the receptor (e.g., antibodies and aptamers) becomes slow and thus equilibrium-based biosensors are inherently limited in making measurements that are both rapid and sensitive. In this work, we provide a theoretical foundation for a method through which biosensors can quantitatively measure ligand concentration before reaching equilibrium. Rather than only measuring receptor binding at a single time-point, the pre-equilibrium approach leverages the receptor's kinetic response to instantaneously quantify the changing ligand concentration. Importantly, by analyzing the biosensor output in frequency domain, rather than in the time domain, we show the degree to which noise in the biosensor affects the accuracy of the pre-equilibrium approach. Through this analysis, we provide the conditions under which the signal-to-noise ratio of the biosensor can be maximized for a given target concentration range and rate of change. As a model, we apply our theoretical analysis to continuous insulin measurement and show that with a properly selected antibody, the pre-equilibrium approach could make the continuous tracking of physiological insulin fluctuations possible.
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Registered trials
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