Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36400283›Full record

ArticleExperimental eye research2023

Sigma-1 receptor agonist, (+)-pentazocine, is neuroprotective in a Brown Norway rat microbead model of glaucoma.

Barbara A Mysona, Jing Zhao, Oceane De Greef, August Beisel, Parth A Patel, Lindsay Berman, Sylvia B Smith, Kathryn Bollinger

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental eye research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 35% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Anti-VEGF Agents Clearance Through the Aqueous Outflow Pathway in a Rat Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025
    Article
  5. A SigmaLangmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2024
    Article
  6. SIGMAR1 Confers Innate Resilience against Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Barbara A MysonaDepartment of Cellular Biology and Anatomy CB-2304, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. Electronic address: bmysona@augusta.edu.
Jing ZhaoJames and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. Electronic address: JINZHAO@augusta.edu.
Oceane De GreefStudent Training and Research Program, Graduate School, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. Electronic address: oceane.degreef@alumni.emory.edu.
August BeiselMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. Electronic address: abeisel@augusta.edu.
Parth A PatelMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. Electronic address: PAPATEL1@augusta.edu.
Lindsay BermanMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. Electronic address: LBERMAN@augusta.edu.
Sylvia B SmithDepartment of Cellular Biology and Anatomy CB-2304, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. Electronic address: SBSMITH@augusta.edu.
Kathryn BollingerJames and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. Electronic address: KBollinger@augusta.edu.
Augusta University · USDiscovery Institute · US

Funding

Module 3: Gene Expression/ProteomicsP30EY031631 · NEI · AUGUSTA UNIVERSITY · PI Xingjun Fan · 2020 to 2026
$3.6M
The Mechanism of Sigma 1 Receptor Mediated Neuroprotection in GlaucomaR01EY027406 · NEI · AUGUSTA UNIVERSITY · PI Kathryn Bollinger · 2018 to 2026
$3.2M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY031631NEI NIH HHS R01 EY027406
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeGlaucoma is a worldwide leading cause of irreversible blindness. Standard treatments lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Novel treatments to prevent optic nerve (ON) degeneration are needed. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist (+)-pentazocine (PTZ) is neuroprotective in a Brown Norway (BN) rat, microbead model of glaucoma.

methodsBN rats (9-11 weeks, male and female) were treated by intraperitoneal injection, 3 times per week with (+)-PTZ (2 mg/kg) or vehicle (VEH) alone. Treatment started 1 week prior to intraocular injection of polystyrene microbeads to elevate IOP. IOP was measured 2-3 times per week. Five weeks post microbead injection, rats were euthanized. ONs were removed, then fixed and processed for 63x oil, light microscope imaging of toluidine blue stained ON cross sections. To facilitate comparison of ON morphology from VEH and (+)-PTZ treated rats with similar ocular hypertensive insults, rats were assigned to low (IOP ≤15.8 mmHg), moderate (15.8 < IOP <28.0 mmHg), and high (IOP ≥28.0 mmHg) groups based on average IOP in the microbead injected eye. Axon numbers, axon density, axonal and glial areas, axon loss, and axon size distributions of naïve, bead, and contralateral ONs were assessed using QuPath program for automated image analysis.

results(+)-PTZ treatment of BN rats protected ONs from damage caused by moderate IOP elevation. Treatment with (+)-PTZ significantly reduced axon loss and glial areas, and increased axon density and axonal areas compared to ONs from VEH treated rats with moderate IOP. (+)-PTZ-mediated neuroprotection was independent of IOP lowering effects. At average IOP ≥28.0 mmHg, (+)-PTZ treatment did not provide measurable neuroprotection. ONs from contralateral eyes exhibited subtle, complex changes in response to conditions in the bead eyes.

conclusionsS1R agonist (+)-PTZ shows promise as a neuroprotective treatment for glaucoma. Future studies to understand the complex molecular mechanisms by which (+)-PTZ provides this neuroprotection are needed.

Indexed as

GlaucomaPentazocineAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalFemaleInjections, IntraocularIntraocular PressureMaleMicrospheresNeuroprotectionRatsRats, Inbred BNRetinal Ganglion CellsSigma-1 ReceptorPentazocineSigma-1 ReceptorAxonsAxon size distributionsGliosisNeuroprotectionQuPathRetinal ganglion cellsSigma-1 receptor

Identifiers

PMID36400283
PMCPMC9839578
OpenAlexW4309338004

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.