ReviewESMO open2022
Are targeted therapies or immunotherapies effective in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
Review in ESMO open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted Therapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Current Advances and Challenges.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Immunoinformatic insights for design and clinical prospects of pan-RAS cancer vaccine.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Chemotherapy-associated mutational process signature and genomic alterations associated with outcome in metastatic pancreatic cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Article
- mRNA-Based Neoantigen Vaccines in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-A Promising Avenue in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Molecular Pathology of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancers · 2025Review
- Conditions for effective use of liposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and leucovorin in unresectable pancreatic cancer after FOLFIRINOX treatment.International journal of clinical oncology · 2025Observational
- In vivo armed macrophages curb liver metastasis through tumor-reactive T-cell rejuvenation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Challenges in diagnosing and treating distal common bile duct adenocarcinoma: A case report with literature insights.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Unveiling the functional roles of patient-derived tumour organoids in assessing the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
- Developing Vaccines in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Trials and Tribulations.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Epigenetic silencing of BEND4, a novel DNA damage repair gene, is a synthetic lethal marker for ATM inhibitor in pancreatic cancer.Frontiers of medicine · 2024Article
- Recent advances in drug delivery and targeting for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Review
- A pancreatic adenocarcinoma mimicking hepatoid carcinoma of uncertain histogenesis: A case report and literature review.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: The Gray Curtain of Immunotherapy and Spikes of Lights.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- The Potent G-Quadruplex-Binding Compound QN-302 Downregulates S100P Gene Expression in Cells and in an In Vivo Model of Pancreatic Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Landscape and Therapeutic Targeting ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Review
- Crosstalk of nervous and immune systems in pancreatic cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major health burden due to its increasing incidence and poor prognosis. PDAC is characterized by a low tumor mutational burden, and its molecular pathogenesis is driven by Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations. Response to DNA damage through homologous repair is defective in 15% of tumors. Chemotherapy using FOLFIRINOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin) or gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel significantly improves life expectancy, but the median overall survival remains <1 year. Targeted therapies are not efficient in the overall population of patients with metastatic PDAC. Improvements in overall survival or progression-free survival, however, have been demonstrated in subgroups carrying certain mutations. Maintenance therapy with poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors increases progression-free survival in patients with germline mutations in BRCA1/2. Sotorasib shows signs of efficacy against tumors carrying the KRAS G12C mutation, and targeted therapies may also benefit patients with KRAS-wild-type PDAC. Combining targeted therapies with chemotherapy holds promise because of potential synergistic effects. These associations, however, have not yet demonstrated clinical benefit. Checkpoint inhibitors are not effective against metastatic PDAC. Combined immunotherapies attempt to restore their efficacy but have not succeeded yet. Other immunotherapies are emerging such as therapeutic vaccines or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, but these strategies remain to be evaluated in large trials. In the future, treatment personalization based on tumor-derived organoids could potentially further improve treatment efficiency.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.