ArticleThe Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics2022
Utilization and Costs of Gender-Affirming Care in a Commercially Insured Transgender Population.
Article in The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Health status of transgender people globally: A systematic review of research on disease burden and correlates.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Healthcare Costs Following Medical Gender-Affirmation: Evidence From Whole-of-Population Australian Administrative Data.Health economics · 2026Article
- Patient-reported outcomes in masculinizing gender-affirming chest surgery: validation of the GENDER-Q Chest scales.The British journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Surgical and hormonal gender-affirming care: cross-domain determinants and artificial intelligence-enabled expansion.International journal for equity in health · 2026Review
- Healthcare costs associated with gender dysphoria in children, adolescents and young adults in germany: A prevalence-based analysis using statutory health insurance data.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Mental health treatment among transgender and gender diverse people following gender affirming hormone therapy: evidence from whole-of-population Australian administrative data.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Pubertal Suppression for Transgender Youth: A Right to an Open Future Approach in Support of a Youth-Empowered Legal Framework.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2025Article
- Provision of gender-affirming care for trans and gender-diverse adults: a systematic review of health and quality of life outcomes, values and preferences, and costs.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Provision of gender-affirming hormones for trans and gender-diverse adults: a systematic review of health and quality of life outcomes, values and preferences, and costs.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Gender-Affirming Surgery for Transgender and Gender Diverse Medicare Beneficiaries.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Systemic transphobia and ongoing barriers to healthcare for transgender and nonbinary people: A historical analysis of #TransHealthFail.PLOS digital health · 2025Article
- Navigating payment and policy barriers to gender-affirming care for transmasculine individuals: A qualitative study and policy assessment.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Receipt of Gender-Affirming Surgeries Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Veterans.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Shear wave elastography to assess stiffness of the human ovary and other reproductive tissues across the reproductive lifespan in health and disease†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Review
- Article
- Quality of life of transgender people under the lens of social determinants of health: a scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2023Article
- EDITORS' INTRODUCTION: Transgender Health Equity and the Law.The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Many transgender people need specific medical services to affirm their gender. Gender-affirming health care services may include mental health support, hormone therapy, and reconstructive surgeries. Scant information is available about the utilization or costs of these services among transgender people, which hinders the ability of insurance regulators, health plans, and other health care organizations to plan and budget for the health care needs of this population and to ensure that transgender people can access medically necessary gender-affirming care. This study used almost three decades of commercial insurance claims from a proprietary database containing data on more than 200 million people to identify temporal trends in the provision of gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgeries and to quantify the costs of these services.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.