ArticleVaccine2023
Use of catch-up vaccinations in the second year of life (2YL) platform to close immunity gaps: A secondary DHS analysis in Pakistan, Philippines, and South Africa.
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evolution of vaccination coverage among children in Lebanon (2011-2018): a comparative epidemiological analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Leave no one behind: Global Analysis on monitoring childhood vaccination timeliness and catch-up using data from the WHO/UNICEF joint reporting form on Immunization.Gates open research · 2026Article
- Trends in DTP3 Vaccination in Asia (2012-2023).Vaccines · 2025Article
- Progress with the Second Dose Measles Vaccine Introduction and Coverage in the WHO African Region.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Diphtheria in Pakistan post-COVID-19, a potential public health threat: an update.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Article
- Evaluation of a Mobile-Based Immunization Decision Support System for Scheduling Age-Appropriate Vaccine Schedules for Children Younger Than 2 Years in Pakistan and Bangladesh: Lessons From a Multisite, Mixed Methods Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmunity gaps caused by COVID-19-related disruptions highlight the importance of catch-up vaccination. Number of countries offering vaccines in second year of life (2YL) has increased, but use of 2YL for catch-up vaccination has been variable. We assessed pre-pandemic use of 2YL for catch-up vaccination in three countries (Pakistan, the Philippines, and South Africa), based on existence of a 2YL platform (demonstrated by offering second dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) in 2YL), proportion of card availability, and geographical variety.
methodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis of immunization data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in Pakistan (2017-2018), the Philippines (2017), and South Africa (2016). We conducted time-to-event analyses for pentavalent vaccine (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-Hepatitis B-Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib]) and MCV and calculated use of 2YL and MCV visits for catch-up vaccination.
resultsAmong 24-35-month-olds with documented dates, coverage of third dose of pentavalent vaccine increased in 2YL by 2%, 3%, and 1% in Pakistan, Philippines, and South Africa, respectively. MCV1 coverage increased in 2YL by 5% in Pakistan, 10% in the Philippines, and 3% in South Africa. In Pakistan, among 124 children eligible for catch-up vaccination of pentavalent vaccine at time of a documented MCV visit, 45% received a catch-up dose. In the Philippines, among 381 eligible children, 38% received a pentavalent dose during an MCV visit. In South Africa, 50 children were eligible for a pentavalent vaccine dose before their MCV1 visit, but only 20% received it; none with MCV2.
conclusionSmall to modest vaccine coverage improvements occurred in all three countries through catch-up vaccination in 2YL but many missed opportunities for vaccination continue to occur. Using the 2YL platform can increase coverage and close immunity gaps, but immunization programmes need to change policies, practices, and monitor catch-up vaccination to maximize the potential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.