Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36388897›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in medicine2022

Association between poor sleep quality and an increased risk of dry eye disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Qi Pu, Zhen Wu, Ao-Ling Li, Xiao-Xiao Guo, Jing-Jie Hu, Xin-Yu Li

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Diagnostic methods for managing dry eyes.World journal of methodology · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Observational
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Qi PuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Zhen WuDepartment of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu, China.
Ao-Ling LiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Xiao-Xiao GuoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Jing-Jie HuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Xin-Yu LiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Huazhong University of Science and Technology · CNTongji Hospital · CNChangshu No.1 People's Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is related to an increased incidence of dry eye disease (DED). However, their exact relationship is unknown and requires further well-designed studies with advanced mechanisms detection. Patients and methods: This case-control study included 125 OSA cases and 125 age-gender-matched controls enrolled in the hospital between 1 January and 1 October 2021. OSA diagnosis and classification were performed using a polysomnography (PSG) assay. Detailed ophthalmological examinations, including the Schirmer I test, corneal staining, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI), were used to detect DED-related parameters. A comprehensive ocular surface assay was performed to measure a series of parameters, including first non-invasive first tear film break-up time (f-NIBUT), average non-invasive first tear film break-up time (av-NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), and loss of meibomian gland. In addition, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale was used to assess sleep quality. Results: Compared to the control, the OSA group showed an increased DED risk ( Conclusion: OSA, especially the severe stage OSA, was related to an increased risk of DED. Also, sleep quality was correlated with the onset of both OSA and DED, where poor sleep quality revealed a relationship between OSA and the risk of DED. Overall, our findings provided evidence for advanced management of DED and OSA in future.

Indexed as

a case-control studydry eyedry eye diseaseobstructive sleep apneasleep quality

Identifiers

PMID36388897
PMCPMC9659957
OpenAlexW4307869280

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.