ArticleFrontiers in neurology2022
Oligoclonal M bands and cervical spinal cord lesions predict early secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spinal cord imaging in multiple sclerosis: from diagnosis to disease progression.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- An algorithm to predict intrathecal IgM synthesis in multiple sclerosis patients: optimizing the use of oligoclonal band testing.Advances in laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- Fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: from current to future applications.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To determine baseline cerebrospinal fluid and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables at the onset of a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) that predict evolution to secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Methods: 276 CIS patients with a minimum follow-up of 10 years were studied. Baseline presence of oligoclonal IgG and IgM bands (OCGB and OCMB respectively); number of brain T2 lesions (B-T2L), brain gadolinium enhancement lesions (brain-GEL), cervical spinal cord T2 lesions (cSC-T2L); and fulfillment of 2017 McDonald criteria among other variables were collected. Results: 14 patients ended up with a non-MS condition. 138/276 CIS patients fulfilled 2017 McDonald criteria. Mean age was 32.4 years, 185 female. 227 received treatment, 95 as CIS. After a mean follow-up of 12 years, 36 patients developed SPMS. Conversion to SPMS was associated with OCGB (p = 0.02), OCMB (p = 0.0001); ≥ 9 B-T2L (p = 0.03), brain-GEL (p = 0.03), and cSC-T2L (p = 0.03). However, after adjusting for sex, age, BT2L, brain-GEL, SC-T2, and OCMB status, only OCMB (HR 4.4, 1.9-10.6) and cSC-T2L (HR 2.2, 1.0-6.2) suggested an independent association with risk of conversion to SPMS. Patients with both risk factors had a HR of 6.12 (2.8-12.9). Discussion: OCMB and SC-T2 lesions are potential independent predictors of conversion to SPMS.
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