SynthesisAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2023
Punitive school discipline as a mechanism of structural marginalization with implications for health inequity: A systematic review of quantitative studies in the health and social sciences literature.
Synthesis in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disciplinary behaviour management strategies in schools and their impact on student psychosocial outcomes: A systematic review.NIHR open research · 2024Pooled it
- The Association of School Racial Segregation with Health Among U.S. Youths: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Identifying the Depressive Profiles Among Latinx Adolescents Who Have Experienced School Discipline and School Policing: Evidence for the School-to-Patient Nexus.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Teacher Discipline Intensity and Adolescents' Mental Health Problems: A Moderated Moderation Effect Based on CEPS 2013-2014 Survey Data.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A multiple-methods exploration of the "school-to-suicide pipeline".BMC public health · 2026Article
- Reporter Discrepancies in the Associations Between Mental Health Concerns and School Discipline.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- "Extremely cheap and extremely potent": Fentanyl Knowledge and Risk Practices AmongYoung People in Oregon Who Have Used Non-Prescription Pills.Research square · 2026Article
- Editorial: Public health strategies to improve mental health in the education sector: perspectives and applications.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Longitudinal Effects of Exclusionary School Discipline on Adolescent Well-Being.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Exploring youth vaping in New Zealand intermediate and high schools: a mixed-methods study protocol.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Structural Determinants of School Discipline: Examining State-Level Racial Bias and Neighborhood Opportunity.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Social determinants of alcohol and tobacco use among Hispanic adolescents: a scoping review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Report of Unfair Discipline at School and Associations with Health Risk Behaviors and Experiences - Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023.MMWR supplements · 2024Article
- Review of Policies and Practices to Prevent Technology-Facilitated Child Sexual Abuse Within Youth-Serving Organizations in the United States.Journal of child sexual abuse · 2024Review
- Structural racism in primary schools and changes in epigenetic age acceleration among Black and White youth.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Exclusionary School Discipline and School Achievement for Middle and High School Students, by Race and Ethnicity.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- The Water Surrounding the Iceberg: Cultural Racism and Health Inequities.The Milbank quarterly · 2023Article
- Nurturing positive mental health and wellbeing in educational settings - the PRICES model.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Early-life Exposure to Punitive School Discipline and Midlife Cognitive Outcomes: 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Cohort Findings.Alzheimer disease and associated disordersArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Punitive school discipline deploys surveillance, exclusion, and corporal punishment to deter or account for perceived student misbehavior. Yet, education and legal scholarship suggests it fails to achieve stated goals and exacerbates harm. Furthermore, it is disproportionately imposed upon Black, Latinx, Native/Indigenous, LGBTQIA, and disabled students, concentrating its harms among marginalized young people. Its implications for health, however, are less clear. Using public health theories of sociostructural embodiment, we propose a framework characterizing pathways linking societal ideologies (e.g., racism) to punitive discipline with implications for health and health inequity and then present our systematic review of the punitive school discipline-health literature (N = 19 studies) conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Data were extracted on guiding theories, study characteristics, measurement, methods, and findings. This literature links punitive school discipline to greater risk for numerous health outcomes, including persistent depressive symptoms, depression, drug use disorder in adulthood, borderline personality disorder, antisocial behavior, death by suicide, injuries, trichomoniasis, pregnancy in adolescence, tobacco use, and smoking, with documented implications for racial health inequity. Using our adapted framework, we contextualize results and recommend avenues for future research. Our findings support demands to move away from punitive school discipline toward health-affirming interventions to promote school connectedness, safety, and wellbeing.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.