ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2023
Integrative prognostic analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, CD8, CD20, programmed cell death-ligand 1, and tertiary lymphoid structures in patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic significance of CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in operable breast cancer: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Harnessing immunity against breast cancer: from checkpoints to cell therapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Multi‑scale immune and spatial profiling of sclerosing adenosis and surrounding breast tissue identifies an immune‑cold field phenotype associated with breast cancer risk.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- From TLS architecture to functional immune niches: division of labor among CAFs, HEVs, and antigen-presenting cells in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Concordance of programmed death-ligand 1 expression assessments determinedWorld journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- The prognostic value of the tumor-stroma ratio compared to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: a review.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Association of PD-1 + Treg/PD-1 + CD8 ratio and tertiary lymphoid structures with prognosis and response in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving preoperative treatment.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Implications of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: clinical oncologist perspectives.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2024Review
- Prognostic value of tertiary lymphoid structures in triple-negative breast cancer: integrated analysis with the tumor microenvironment and clinicopathological features.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Discordance in PD-L1 expression using 22C3 and SP142 assays between primary and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2023Article
- Article
- Triple-negative breast cancer: from none to multiple therapeutic targets in two decades.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeStromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are independent prognostic factors in systemically untreated early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Other immune biomarkers including CD8, CD20, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are also reported to be associated with prognosis. However, whether combining other immune biomarkers with TILs would allow for further prognostic stratification is unknown.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 125 patients with early-stage TNBC not receiving perioperative chemotherapy. Stromal TILs and TLS were evaluated on hematoxylin-eosin slides. PD-L1 expression was evaluated using the SP142 assay. CD8 and CD20 were assessed by immunohistochemistry and counted by digital pathology.
resultsImmune biomarker levels were positively correlated (p < 0.001). Adding CD8 and PD-L1 to multivariable analysis including clinicopathological factors (stage and histological grade) and TILs significantly improved the prognostic model (likelihood ratio χ
conclusionCD8 and PD-L1 levels add prognostic information beyond TILs for early-stage TNBC not receiving perioperative chemotherapy. CD8-positive T cells and PD-L1 may be useful for prognostic stratification and in designing future clinical trials of TNBC.
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