ArticleDaru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences2022
Availability and affordability of cardiovascular medicines in a major city of Afghanistan in 2020.
Article in Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Availability of essential medicines for non-communicable diseases: a scoping review of challenges and opportunities.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Access to pediatric oncology medicine in Iran: a cross-sectional survey in Urmia.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Access to essential medicines for noncommunicable diseases during conflicts: The case cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and epilepsy in Northern Syria.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular disease in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Availability and affordability of antidiabetic medicines in Herat of Afghanistan in 2023.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Access to care in Afghanistan after august 2021: a cross-sectional study exploring Afghans' perspectives in 10 provinces.Conflict and health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
purposeAffordable access to quality medicines is a critical target of global efforts to achieve universal health coverage. The aim of this study is to measure the affordability and accessibility of cardiovascular medicines in the city of Herat, Afghanistan.
methodsThe price, affordability, and availability data for 18 most sold generic (MSG) and lowest priced generic (LPG) products were collected from public and private pharmacies located in Herat city in Afghanistan in 2020, which in each area, six pharmacies were randomly selected from a combination of public and private ones based on the standardized methodology developed by WHO/HAI. According to this methodology on Medicine Prices, Accessibility, and Affordability, the minimum daily wage of an unskilled governmental worker, and the price of each type of cardiovascular medicines for one-month use were calculated separately. If the cost of the treatment was more than the minimum daily wage, the medicine was considered unaffordable.
resultsThe mean availability score for lowest price generic (LPG) in public and private pharmacies and based on the countries of origin including Iran, Pakistan, and India was 60%, 46%, and 31%, respectively. Of the 18 medicines surveyed, just Atenolol (Iranian brand) was found in all 30 pharmacies on the day of data collection. All Indian- brand medicines were less than fifty percent available in any of the surveyed public and private pharmacies. Among the medicines exported to Afghanistan, the population of Herat used more medicines made by Pakistan compared to India and Iran (MSG). Indian medicines were the most expensive ones and the Iranian medicines were the cheapest. A wage of less than one day was enough to afford one-month supply of generic medicines at the lowest price.
conclusionAccess of patients to cardiovascular medicines in Afghanistan was 46% in this study which is regarded as low access. Most of available cardiovascular medicines in the market of this country were made in Iran, Pakistan and India. Although the Iranian ones were the cheapest, but people used more Pakistani medicines. LPG products were affordable to the studied population.
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