Observational studyBMJ open2022
Geographic and socioeconomic differences in heat-related mortality among the Dutch population: a time series analysis.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neighborhood Tree Canopy Coverage and Building Fraction as Modifiers for Heat-related Mortality among Older Adults in Sweden's Largest Urban Areas.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Analyzing and predicting patient admissions related to acute heat at the Chemnitz Hospital (Germany).Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Analyzing the association between heat and utilization of inpatient care: evidence from Dresden University Hospital (Germany).BMC public health · 2025Article
- The heat-mortality association in Jordan: Effect modification by greenness, population density and urbanization level.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study was conducted to examine modification in heat-related mortality in the Netherlands by sociodemographic and geographical factors including socioeconomic position and population density (PD).
designThis observational study applied time series analysis on daily mortality counts according to mean daily temperature (°C).
settingStatistics Netherlands.
participantsDeath registrations in 2006, 2018 and 2019 from residents registered at the Dutch Personal Records Database, restricted to deaths in the period between April and October.
main outcome measuresAssuming a V-like relation between temperature and mortality, a segmented linear model was used to estimate the temperature effects on mortality. In order to estimate the effects of severe heat, a second model including a heat threshold of 22°C was included in the model. We stratified by sociodemographic groups, calendar year and the five main causes of death (cardiovascular, respiratory, neoplasm, psychological and nervous system, and other) and controlled for time trend and seasonality.
resultsThe effect of 1°C increase in temperature whereby the mean daily temperature exceeded 16°C was a 1.57% (95% CI 1.51% to 1.63%) increase in mortality among the total population. In temperature segments whereby the mean daily temperature exceeded 22°C, this effect was 2.84% (95% CI 2.73% to 2.93%). Low-income groups were at higher risk of heat-related mortality, compared with high-income groups. Areas with a high PD show relatively weak effects within both the warm and heat segments.
conclusionResults of this study highlight the variation in terms of heat vulnerability among the Dutch population, whereby poor living conditions specifically may increase the effect on high temperature on mortality.
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Registered trials
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