ArticleUrogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2023
Supraphysiologic Vaginal Estrogen Therapy in Aged Mice Mitigates Age-Associated Bladder Inflammatory Response to Urinary Tract Infections.
Article in Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bladder Mucosal Cystitis Cystica Lesions Are Tertiary Lymphoid Tissues That Correlate With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Frequency in Postmenopausal Women.The Journal of urology · 2023Observational
- Effects of aging on urinary tract epithelial homeostasis and immunity.Developmental biology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
importanceBladder diseases characterized by chronic inflammation are highly prevalent in older women, as are recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). Recurrent urinary tract infections lead to chronic inflammation of the bladder mucosa and cause lower urinary tract symptoms that persist even after the infection is cleared. Vaginal estrogen therapy (VET) has long been used for the treatment of rUTIs; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear.
objectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the mechanism(s) by which VET affects bladder inflammation and response to rUTIs. STUDY
designHere, we induced surgical menopause in aged (18 months old) mice followed by VET. Mice were then infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli , and course of infection was investigated. Inflammatory cytokine response was assessed before and during infection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RNA sequencing analysis was used to compare the inflammatory status of the young versus aged bladder and principal changes confirmed via quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to determine the effects of VET on bladder inflammation. Impact on age-associated bladder tertiary lymphoid tissue formation was evaluated histologically.
resultsIn the ovariectomized aged model, VET not only mitigated uterine atrophy but was also associated with reduced rUTIs, number of bacterial reservoirs, dampened immune response, and promotion of terminal differentiation of urothelial cells. Bladder tertiary lymphoid tissue lesions were also reduced with VET, with an associated decrease in signals important for bladder tertiary lymphoid tissue formation. Finally, we determined that VET reverses age-associated upregulation of inflammatory genes and pathways.
conclusionsOur data suggest that VET is effective by reducing age-associated hyperinflammatory conditions in bladder mucosa and in enhancing the host response to infection.
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