Trial reportCell reports. Medicine2022
Toward personalized immunotherapy in sepsis: The PROVIDE randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Cell reports. Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03332225 (A Personalized Randomized Trial of Validation and Restoration of Immune Dysfunction in Severe Infections and Sepsis), which is not on this map. Cited by 102 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Personalized Randomized Trial of Validation and Restoration of Immune Dysfunction in Severe Infections and Sepsis
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children 2026.Intensive care medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Risk prediction models for sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.PeerJ · 2026Pooled it
- Predictive enrichment using biomarkers in studies of critically-ill patients with sepsis: a systematic review.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Monocytes in pneumonia: Functional plasticity and innate memory (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- [Personalized sepsis therapy and modern trial designs].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines as Antigen-Agnostic Immunomodulators: A Repurposing Perspective.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in critically ill patients: A guide for clinicians.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Early Immune Phenotype-Guided Immunomodulatory Strategies and Intensive Care Outcomes in Septic Shock: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Observational
- The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): epidemiology, etiology, molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Hour-1 Sepsis Bundle: Updated Evidence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Unveiling Gut Homeostasis Disruption in Sepsis: Towards an Integrated Mechanistic and Translational Roadmap.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Precision therapy for endotoxic septic shock: a step toward personalized treatment from EUPHAS to TIGRIS.Acute and critical care · 2026Article
- Epigenetic regulation of neutrophil dysfunction in sepsis: mechanisms, biomarkers, and translational challenges.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Update on sepsis treatment.Journal of intensive care · 2026Review
- Relationship of Ferritin and Procalcitonin with SOFA-2 Scores in Intensive Care Patients with COVID-19-Associated Sepsis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The role of hemoadsorption in septic shock: toward a personalized approach.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Real-world clinical outcomes of macrophage activation-like syndrome and hyperferritinemia in sepsis: a retrospective database analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Sepsis associated with Clostridioides difficile infection carries similar mortality to sepsis of other origin: a propensity score-matched analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- EBV reactivation and immunoparalysis indicate a harmful immune endotype in sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- The Dual Role of Interleukin-10 in Sepsis: Research Progress and Therapeutic Prospects.Inflammation · 2026Review
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 14 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The state of immune activation may guide targeted immunotherapy in sepsis. In a double-blind, double-dummy randomized clinical study, 240 patients with sepsis due to lung infection, bacteremia, or acute cholangitis were subjected to measurements of serum ferritin and HLA-DR/CD14. Patients with macrophage activation-like syndrome (MALS) or immunoparalysis were randomized to treatment with anakinra or recombinant interferon-gamma or placebo. Twenty-eight-day mortality was the primary endpoint; sepsis immune classification was the secondary endpoint. Using ferritin >4,420 ng/mL and <5,000 HLA-DR receptors/monocytes as biomarkers, patients were classified into MALS (20.0%), immunoparalysis (42.9%), and intermediate (37.1%). Mortality was 79.1%, 66.9%, and 41.6%, respectively. Survival after 7 days with SOFA score decrease was achieved in 42.9% of patients of the immunotherapy arm and 10.0% of the placebo arm (p = 0.042). Three independent immune classification strata are recognized in sepsis. MALS and immunoparalysis are proposed as stratification for personalized adjuvant immunotherapy. Clinicaltrials.gov registration NCT03332225.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.