ArticleExperimental and therapeutic medicine2022
VEGF regulates the blood‑brain barrier through MMP‑9 in a rat model of traumatic brain injury.
Article in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicle-Derived microRNAs as Fluid Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Pooled it
- Ischemic Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury: Epidemiology, Molecular Pathways, and Emerging Therapies.MedComm · 2026Review
- Experimental Study on Changes in the Structure of the Blood-Brain Barrier after Treatment with Bevacizumab for Traumatic Cerebral Edema.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Roles and therapeutic prospects of the laminin family in disorders of the nervous system.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Astroglial and Neuronal Injury Markers (GFAP, UCHL-1, NfL, Tau, S100B) as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in PTSD and Neurological Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Uncovering the Role of Thrombospodin-1 and Occludin as Potential Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Crude Astragalus polysaccharides ameliorate cognitive impairment by preserving blood-brain barrier integrity and suppressing GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in jellyfish-envenomed mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The role of immune regulation in peripheral nerve regeneration: functions of inflammatory cells and cytokines.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Epilepsy: Mechanisms and Consequences.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Stem cell-derived brain-like endothelial cells to interrogateVirulence · 2025Article
- Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a Therapeutic Target: Insights into Molecular Pathways and Clinical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Thyroid Hormone T4 Alleviates Traumatic Brain Injury by Enhancing Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Synergistic Neuroprotection of Artesunate and Tetramethylpyrazine in Ischemic Stroke, Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Preservation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Research developments in the neurovascular unit and the blood‑brain barrier (Review).Biomedical reports · 2025Review
- The Crucial Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms of Disruption and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Vascular endothelial growth factor: a key factor in the onset and treatment of depression.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Effect of Bevacizumab on traumatic penumbra brain edema in rats at different time points.Tissue barriers · 2024Article
- Sex, hormones and cerebrovascular function: from development to disorder.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Review
- Enriched environment may improve secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury by regulating the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2024Article
- Effect of advanced maternal age on ischemic stroke vulnerability in aged rats: Investigating on blood-brain barrier permeability and gene expression.Aging brain · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage is closely related to morbidity and mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Inhibition of VEGF effectively protects BBB integrity in clinical ischemic stroke. Protecting BBB integrity, reducing brain edema and alleviating post-TBI secondary brain injury are key to a favorable patient prognosis. MMP-9 affects BBB integrity by destroying the tight junction of vascular endothelial cells and inhibiting the transport and enzymatic systems. The present study aimed to examine the possible interplay between VEGF and MMP-9 in TBI. A TBI model was established in 87 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting, wet-dry brain edema assessment, TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade C staining were performed to analyze the brain tissue samples of the rats. The results showed that compared with in the Sham group rats, the mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF and MMP-9 were increased at 24 h post-TBI. After bevacizumab treatment, BBB permeability and nerve cell apoptosis were markedly reduced. In conclusion, the present study revealed a potential role for TBI-associated VEGF and MMP-9 upregulation in BBB disruption and nerve damage post-TBI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.