ReviewClinical kidney journal2022
Decreasing microbiota-derived uremic toxins to improve CKD outcomes.
Review in Clinical kidney journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Gut Microbiome Modulation on Uremic Toxin Reduction in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of probiotics/synbiotics supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome through the lens of gut‑derived uremic toxins.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Risk factor obesity: treatment standard.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Review
- The potency of native postbiotics and paraprobiotics in modulating inflammation by affecting the gut-kidney axis.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Challenges and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Toxins · 2026Review
- Microparticles at the crossroads of the gut-kidney axis: Mechanistic drivers and therapeutic horizons in hemodialysis.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- Article
- Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Probiotic Strains.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Nutritional Modulation of the Gut-Kidney Axis.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The role of gut dysbiosis in endocrine and metabolic derangements of chronic kidney disease: mechanisms, controversies, and future perspectives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The role of gut microbiome disruption in the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated kidney disease.Acta biochimica Polonica · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Gut-Kidney Axis and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Kidney Diseases.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Fecal short-chain fatty acids and serum metabolites: the impact of COVID-19 infection on dialysis patients.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The association between dietary live microbe intake and risk of chronic kidney disease among US adults: a cross-sectional survey from NHANES (2001-2018).Renal failure · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota implication in diabetic kidney disease: mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies.Renal failure · 2025Review
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships of Pharmacological Strategies for Attenuating p-Cresyl Sulfate in Patients with Kidney Disease.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Article
- Gut Dysbiosis and Probiotic Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is set to become the fifth-leading global cause of death by 2040. This illustrates the many unknowns regarding its pathogenesis and therapy. A key unknown relates to the therapeutic impact of the interaction between CKD and the gut microbiome. The normal gut microbiome is essential for body homeostasis. There is evidence for multiple interactions between the microbiota and CKD-its causes, comorbidities and therapeutic interventions-that are only starting to be unraveled. Thus uremic retention products, such as urea itself, modify the gut microbiota biology and both dietary and drug prescriptions modify the composition and function of the microbiota. Conversely, the microbiota may influence the progression and manifestations of CKD through the production of biologically active compounds (e.g. short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate and crotonate) and precursors of uremic toxins. The present review addresses these issues and their relevance for novel therapeutic approaches ranging from dietary interventions to prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics, to the prevention of the absorption of microbial metabolites and to increased clearance of uremic toxins of bacterial origin through optimized dialysis techniques or blockade of tubular cell transporters.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.