ArticleTranslational psychiatry2022
Pathways explaining racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities in incident all-cause dementia among older US adults across income groups.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Modifiable risk and protective factors for dementia: an overview of established and emerging evidence].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Review
- Family stress model pathways to cognitive function in older adulthood.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2026Article
- Theoretical and practical challenges for capturing reserve and resilience in aging and Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Association between depression and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults: a study based on the health and retirement study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The relationship between racial discrimination and white matter among Black older adults.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- Social determinants of dementia: A scoping review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Pathways to Racial/Ethnic Inequalities in Dementia.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2025Review
- Uncovering mediational pathways behind racial and socioeconomic disparities in brain volumes: insights from the UK Biobank study.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Conditions for Nutritional Care of Elderly Individuals with Dementia and Their Caregivers: An Exploratory Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Lifetime Socioeconomic Status, Cognitive Decline, and Brain Characteristics.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Race, diabetes, and cognitive function: a cross-sectional analysis of intersecting disparities in the NHANES cohort.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- More than chronic pain: behavioural and psychosocial protective factors predict lower brain age in adults with/at risk of knee osteoarthritis over two years.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Association of early life cardiovascular risk factors with grey matter structure in young adults in the United Kingdom: the ALSPAC study.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Infection burden, periodontal pathogens, and their interactive association with incident all-cause and Alzheimer's disease dementia in a large national survey.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Rationale and design of the BeyeOMARKER study: prospective evaluation of blood- and eye-based biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease pathology in the eye clinic.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Observational
- Pathways explaining racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities in brain white matter integrity outcomes in the UK Biobank study.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Role of cardiovascular health factors in mediating social inequalities in the incidence of dementia in the UK: two prospective, population-based cohort studies.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Associations of vitamin D status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in long-term prescription opioid users.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Systematic Review of Longitudinal Evidence and Methodologies for Research on Neighborhood Characteristics and Brain Health.Public health reviews · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Differential racial and socioeconomic disparities in dementia incidence across income groups and their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. A retrospective cohort study examining all-cause dementia incidence across income groups was conducted linking third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III) to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services-Medicare data over ≤26 y of follow-up (1988-2014). Cox regression and generalized structural equations models (GSEM) were constructed among adults aged≥60 y at baseline (N = 4,592). Non-Hispanic Black versus White (NHW) adults had higher risk of dementia in age and sex-adjusted Cox regression models (HR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.15-1.55, P < 0.001), an association that was attenuated in the SES-adjusted model (HR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.01-1.34, P = 0.092). SES was inversely related to dementia risk overall (per Standard Deviation, HR = 0.80, 95% CI:0.69-0.92, P = 0.002, Model 2), mainly within the middle-income group. Within the lowest and middle-income groups and in socio-economic status (SES)-adjusted models, Mexican American participants were at lower all-cause dementia risk compared with their NHW counterparts. GSEM models further detected 3 pathways explaining >55% of the total effect of SES on dementia risk (Total effect = -0.160 ± 0.067, p = 0.022), namely SES→LIFESTYLE→DEMENTIA (Indirect effect (IE) = -0.041 ± 0.014, p = 0.004), SES→LIFESTYLE→COGN→DEMENTIA (IE = -0.006 ± 0.001, p < 0.001), SES→COGN→DEMENTIA(IE = -0.040 ± 0.008, p < 0.001), with the last two remaining significant or marginally significant in the uppermost income groups. Diet and social support were among key lifestyle factors involved in socio-economic disparities in dementia incidence. We provide evidence for modifiable risk factors that may delay dementia onset differentially across poverty-income ratio groups, underscoring their importance for future observational and intervention studies.
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