ArticleJournal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan2022
Shikonin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis mice by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization.
Article in Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunopharmacological effects of shikonin in experimental rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo studies.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Shikonin Modulates the NOD2/CARD9 Pathway to Ameliorate Ulcerative Colitis Through Inhibiting M1 Macrophage Polarization.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Shikonin alleviates asthma phenotypes in mice via an airway epithelial STAT3-dependent mechanism.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2024Article
- Pharmacological Effects of Shikonin and Its Potential in Skin Repair: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Role of CCL3 in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Rheumatology and therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the effects of shikonin (SKN) on M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages both and .
methodsCollagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in male DBA/1 mice were treated with a dose of 4 mg/kg/day of SKN for 23 d ( = 6/group). The histopathology of inflamed joints in CIA mice was evaluated to test the anti-arthritic effect of SKN. M1/M2 polarization of macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ or interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, were used to assess the effect of SKN (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μM). The effect of SKN on the protein expression of nitric oxide synthase, arginase, CD68, and CD206 was evaluated using western blot analysis.
resultsThe results of this study revealed that SKN delayed the arthritis feet symptom score, reduced the incidence rate of arthritis, and relieved the inflammation of joints in CIA mice. SKN inhibited M1 macrophage polarization but did not affect M2 macrophage polarization in the joints of CIA mice. Moreover, SKN inhibited M1 polarization induced by LPS and IFN-γ, but did not affect M2 polarization induced by IL-4 and IL-13.
conclusionThese findings suggest that SKN alleviated CIA through inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and has great potential as a new drug for RA treatment.
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