ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2022
Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), an outer membrane vesicle-based vaccine platform, for efficient viral antigen delivery.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- A universally conserved OMV-YidR conjugate nanovaccine confers broad protection against hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistantEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- A bottleneck-first evaluation of antigen delivery platforms for therapeutic cancer vaccines.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Outer membrane vesicles as a versatile nanoplatform for advanced vaccine development and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Development of a Promising Bivalent Vaccine AgainstExploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Article
- Bioengineering Outer-Membrane Vesicles for Vaccine Development: Strategies, Advances, and Perspectives.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Promote Extracellular Vesicle Production of Staphylococcus aureus Through ROS-Mediated Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Salmonella Typhimurium derived OMV nanoparticle displaying mixed heterologous O-antigens confers immunogenicity and protection against STEC infections in mice.Microbial cell factories · 2025Article
- Viral Mimetic Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Targeting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles: biotechnological perspective for enhanced productivity.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2024Review
- Advanced Nano-Drug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Bioengineered nanotechnology for nucleic acid delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023Review
- Bacteria associated with glioma: a next wave in cancer treatment.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), an outer membrane vesicle-based vaccine platform, for efficient viral antigen delivery.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccine platforms enable fast development, testing, and manufacture of more affordable vaccines. Here, we evaluated Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) generated by genetically modified Gram-negative bacteria, as a vaccine platform for viral pathogens. Influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA), either physically mixed with GMMA (HA+STmGMMA mix), or covalently linked to GMMA surface (HA-STmGMMA conjugate), significantly increased antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses, with HA-STmGMMA conjugate inducing further enhancement than HA+STmGMMA mix. HA-STmGMMA conjugate protected mice from lethal challenge. The versatility for this platform was confirmed by conjugation of rabies glycoprotein (RABVG) onto GMMA through the same method. RABVG+STmGMMA mix and RABVG-STmGMMA conjugate exhibited similar humoral and cellular response patterns and protection efficacy as the HA formulations, indicating relatively consistent responses for different vaccines based on the GMMA platform. Comparing to soluble protein, GMMA was more efficiently taken up in vivo and exhibited a B-cell preferential uptake in the draining lymph nodes (LNs). Together, GMMA enhances immunity against viral antigens, and the platform works well with different antigens while retaining similar immunomodulatory patterns. The findings of our study imply the great potential of GMMA-based vaccine platform also against viral infectious diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.