ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2023
Occurrence and removal of psychiatric pharmaceuticals in the Tehran South Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photodegradation of Buspirone: Ecotoxicological Assessment and Identification of Photoproducts.Toxics · 2026Article
- Mood Altering Waters: Multidimensional Profiling and Chiral Characterization of Antidepressants in Effluent-Impacted Waterways.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Occurrence of parabens in aquatic environments and sediments and efficiency of wastewater treatment plants in parabens removal.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effective Degradation of Venlafaxine via Biochar Activated Persulfate: Kinetics, Transformation Products, and Toxicity Assessment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Occurrence of 97 Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater and Receiving Waters: Analytical Validation and Treatment Influence.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Evaluation of potentially toxic elements and pharmaceutical compounds in leachate and exhaust air from non-incineration medical waste treatment devices.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Environmental impact assessment of southern tehran wastewater treatment plant using life cycle assessment (LCA).Scientific reports · 2025Article
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6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychiatric drugs released by humans in wastewater have received more attention because of their potential risks for aquatic organisms. In this study, the occurrence of the two most common groups of psychiatric drugs (sedatives-hypnotics-anxiolytics and antidepressants) were evaluated in the Tehran South Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. All the target sedatives-hypnotics-anxiolytics (alprazolam, phenobarbital, and thioridazine) and antidepressants (fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline, and venlafaxine) were observed in influent and secondary clarification (SC) effluent. Thioridazine (164.25 ± 218.74 ng/L) and citalopram (672.53 ± 938.56 ng/L) had the highest mean concentrations in the influent, while alprazolam (5.09 ± 2.33 ng/L) and citalopram (776.97 ± 1088.01 ng/L) had the highest concentrations in the SC effluent. The higher concentrations of the psychiatric drugs, except thioridazine, were detected in the SC effluent compared to the concentrations in the influent. The increased drugs concentrations, with negative removal efficiencies, were more distinctive in the cold season samples. Psychiatric drugs processed in the chlorination unit followed a completely different pattern compared to the drugs in the biological treatment unit. All the drugs' concentrations, except thioridazine, decreased in the chlorination unit, ranging between 27 ± 14% for alprazolam and 75 ± 10% for citalopram. However, the mean concentrations of the detected drugs were as follows: sertraline (11.96 ± 11.62 ng/L) and venlafaxine (184.94 ± 219.74 ng/L) which could cause environmental and ecological concerns.
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