ArticleJournal of Parkinson's disease2022
Sex Is the Main Determinant of Levodopa Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Evidence from a Large Series of Levodopa Therapeutic Monitoring.
Article in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- L-DOPA Promotes Post-Treatment Neurovascular and Synaptic Homeostasis in Early Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- No New Relevant Treatment Options for L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia from a Clinician's Point of View.Neurology international · 2026Review
- L-DOPA treatment promotes sustained neurovascular and synaptic homeostasis in the diabetic retina.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Microbial Metabolism of Levodopa as an Adjunct Therapeutic Target in Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- A computational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic framework for simulating and comparing individualized levodopa dosing in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in levodopa pharmacokinetics in early Parkinson's disease: implications on levodopa-related complications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Gender Is the Main Predictor of Wearing-Off and Dyskinesia in Levodopa-Naïve Patients with Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Observational
- Levodopa-induced motor complications associated with benserazide and carbidopa in Parkinson's disease: a disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Gender differences in prescribing patterns for patients with Parkinson's disease in Japan: a retrospective observational study using insurance claims databases.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Sex difference in human diseases: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Gender disparity in access to advanced therapies for patients with Parkinson's disease: a retrospective real-word study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- To restrict or not to restrict? Practical considerations for optimizing dietary protein interactions on levodopa absorption in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Review
- Development and Validation of a New LC-MS/MS Bioanalytical Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Levodopa, Levodopa Methyl Ester, and Carbidopa in Human Plasma Samples.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Kathrin Brockmann, Milan Zimmermann, and Dareia Roos, Recipients of The Parkinson Prize 2023.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- Concomitant use of magnesium oxide significantly decreases absorption of levodopa preparations in patients with Parkinson's disease.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDifferent studies, mostly with limited cohorts, have suggested the effects of patients' characteristics on levodopa (LD) pharmacokinetics.
objectiveWe primarily aimed at investigating in a large population the relationship between patients' features and LD kinetic variables, to assess the main demographic and clinical predictors of LD clinical pharmacokinetics.
methodsThe study was retrospective, based on data collected from subjects with parkinsonism on chronic LD undergoing LD therapeutic monitoring (TM). LD TM includes serial quantitative motor tests and blood samples to measure plasma drug concentrations after each subject's chronically taken first-morning LD dose intake.
resultsFive hundred patients, 308 males (61.6%), mean (SD) age of 65 (10.1) years were included. Parkinsonian symptoms and LD therapy lasted 5.5 (4.5) and 3.4 (3.9) years, respectively. MDS-UPDRS part III "off" score was 28.8 (15.2). LD dose was 348.2 (187.1) mg/day. From multiple linear regression analysis, test dose, sex, type of LD decarboxylase inhibitor, weight and MDS-UPDRS part III score were linear predictors of both LD peak plasma concentration (Cmax) (R2 = 0.52) and area under the 3-h plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) (R2 = 0.71), while age was a further predictor only for AUC. Besides test dose, sex was the strongest independent contributing variable to LD AUC, which resulted 27% higher in females compared to males.
conclusionThis is the largest collection of data on the relationship between demographic and clinical-therapeutic variables and LD kinetics in patients with parkinsonian symptoms. As a main clinically practical finding, women might require a 25% reduced weight-normalized LD dose compared with men to achieve the same LD bioavailability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.