SynthesisClinical and experimental dental research2023
Effect of tobacco and nicotine in causing staining of dental hard tissues and dental materials: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Root Cementum Molecular Structure and Its Role in Maintaining Oral Health-Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Chromogenic bacterial staining of teeth: a scoping review.BMC oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of tobacco and nicotine in causing staining of dental hard tissues and dental materials: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2023Pooled it
- Oral Health Effects Among Adults Switching from Cigarettes to on!® Nicotine Pouches Compared to Those Who Continue Smoking.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2025Trial
- Effect of Flavored, Blond, and Filterless Cigarette Smoke on the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of a Nanohybrid Resin Composite: An in vitro Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2026Article
- Association between smoking and physical attractiveness: A longitudinal panel study from the China Family Panel Studies.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Time-Dependent Color Stability of Three Nanohybrid Resin Composites After Cigarette Smoke Exposure: An In Vitro Study.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2026Review
- Association between dietary pattern, tobacco use and dental health status among indigenous adults in Bandarban, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Effect of smoking and finishing and polishing protocol on color stability and surface roughness of resin composite.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Tooth Color Changes at Different Concentrations of Zirconia Toothpaste: A Pilot In Vitro Study.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Comparative effects of conventional and electronic cigarettes on discoloration and surface roughness of gingiva-colored dental materials.Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite in the Treatment of Extrinsic Dental Stains in Smokers and Non-Smokers.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development of a smoking simulation machine to evaluate the effects of smoking on the color change of dental restorative materials.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The effect of cigarette smoking and heated tobacco products on different denture materials; an in vitro study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Nicotine-induced changes in surface properties of restorative materials and dental enamel: An in vitro study on flavored e-cigarette exposure.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Heated Tobacco Products on Hard Dental Tissues: A Comparative Histological and Colorimetric Analysis.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2024Article
- Effect of conventional cigarette smoking and recent heated tobacco products on CAD/CAM restorative materials.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Impact of smoking on resin bonded restorations: A narrative review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDental staining is a common concern for tobacco users. However, little is known about which components of tobacco are responsible for the staining and whether nicotine may be implicated. This is of increasing relevance with the popularity of novel products such as heated-tobacco products and electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes).
objectivesThis systematic review aimed to establish the evidence base for the effect if any, of the various tobacco and nicotine products in causing staining of dental hard tissues and materials. MATERIAL AND
methodsThis systematic review was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. There were four structured population intervention comparison outcomesquestions. A search was conducted up to December 2021 in three databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science, and manual searching of relevant sources was also completed. Two researchers individually reviewed the titles then abstracts and finally full articles. A reporting quality appraisal was conducted appropriately to the study methodology.
resultsOf the 815 records titles identified, 56 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 27 were included for analysis. The included studies were mainly laboratory studies of varying reporting quality. There was evidence from 18 studies that tobacco exposure caused staining of dental hard tissues (pooled results from three studies- enamel/dentine; mean difference [MD]: 16.22; 95% confidence interval[12.11, 20.32; I
conclusionsTobacco smoking causes dental staining. There was limited evidence that E-cigarettes and HTPs did cause dental staining that was less intense than that caused by traditional tobacco products.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.