ArticlePhytochemical analysis : PCA2022
A reliable quantitative method for determining CBD content and release from transdermal patches in Franz cells.
Article in Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biocompatibility Evaluation of a Dexamethasone Mucoadhesive Nanosystem: Preclinical and Preliminary Clinical Evaluations.Current drug delivery · 2026Article
- Whey Protein Isolate Hydrogels Containing Cannabidiol Support the Proliferation of Pre-Osteoblasts.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Transdermal characteristic study of bovine sialoglycoproteins with anti-skin aging and accelerating skin wound healing.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024Article
- Key Transdermal Patch Using Cannabidiol-Loaded Nanocarriers with Better Pharmacokinetics in vivo.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- A reliable quantitative method for determining CBD content and release from transdermal patches in Franz cells.Phytochemical analysis : PCA · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThere are several cannabidiol (CBD) transdermal patches available on the market. However, none are FDA-approved. Furthermore, not much evidence has been published about CBD release and skin permeation from such patches, so the effectiveness and reliability remain unclear.
objectivesWe aimed to develop a method to determine the in vitro release and skin permeation of CBD from transdermal patches using Franz cell diffusion in combination with quantitative MATERIALS AND
methodsThe study was conducted on CBD patches with known CBD content and six different commercially available or market-ready CBD patches using a Franz cell with a Strat-M™ membrane and with samples taken directly from the transdermal patch for qNMR analysis.
resultsThe use of qNMR yielded an average recovery of 100% ± 7% when samples with known CBD content were tested. Results from the testing of six commercially available patches indicated that five out of six patches did not contain the CBD amount stated by the manufacturer according to a ± 10% variance margin, of which four patches were under-labeled and one was over-labeled. The release rate of patches was determined, and significant differences between the patches were shown. Maximum release of CBD was calculated to occur after 39 to 70 h.
conclusionThe established method was proven to be a reliable means of determining the quantity and release of CBD from transdermal patches and can be used to verify CBD content and release rate in transdermal patches.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.