ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2022
The Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire: Psychometric properties of the originally-proposed five-factor structure and a novel four-factor structure for use with adults who currently smoke cigarettes.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparing brain absorption and lung deposition of nicotine salts and free-base e-cigarettes: insights from [Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Repurposing semaglutide as an adjunctive treatment for cocaine use disorder: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (MCEQ) measures self-reported, subjective reinforcing and aversive effects of smoking. The MCEQ is proposed as comprising five factors. However, its latent factor structure has been confirmed in only one published study, and key psychometric properties like measurement invariance and test-criterion validity have not been formally examined.
methodsWe examined the latent structure of the MCEQ using confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis and evaluated internal consistency, measurement invariance, between-group differences, and relationships with smoking-related characteristics in a sample of 764 adults who smoke cigarettes. As a secondary test of construct validity, we fit identified latent factor structures to a sample of 131 adults from a prior trial who were biochemically-confirmed to currently smoke.
resultsA four-factor structure that recently was validated for an e-cigarette-adapted version of the MCEQ outperformed the originally-proposed five-factor structure in several ways: it uniquely evidenced good model fit both within the primary and replication samples, reached scalar invariance for all participant subgroups tested, was sensitive to detecting numerous between-groups differences in subsamples of interest, and each of its subscales was associated with at least one smoking characteristic assessed.
conclusionsThe four-factor MCEQ structure evidenced stronger psychometric properties in our sample than did the original five-factor MCEQ. However, until additional research is conducted on the utility of the five- and four-factor solutions in other samples, neither the five- nor the four-factor MCEQ structure should be assumed. In the meantime, researchers should examine the MECQ's latent structure in their data prior to conducting subsequent analyses.
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